The bladder is able to expand and contract because it's wrapped in a muscular layer, called the detrusor muscle, and within that, lining the bladder itself is a layer of transitional epithelium containing " umbrella cells" .

膀胱既可以扩张也可以收缩，因为膀胱壁有一层肉，叫做，而且膀胱内衬有一层由“伞状细胞”（盖细胞）组成的变移上皮。

Dr Schwartz and his team coaxed embryonic stem cells to become retinal pigment epithelium tissue which supports the rod and cone cells that actually respond to light

他的团队诱导胚胎干细胞成为视网膜色素上皮组织细胞－其中的杆细胞及锥晶细胞对光线敏感。

These club cells secrete glycosaminoglycans which protect the bronchiolar epithelium.

棒状细胞能分泌糖胺聚糖，来保护细支气管内膜。

That odor-filled air heads right up your nasal passages in your nose where the odor molecules are finally trapped by a thin bit of tissue called olfactory epithelium.

充满气味的空气会直接进入你的鼻腔，在那里气味分子被称为嗅觉上皮的薄组织捕获。

Going deeper past that layer you've got the basement membrane and loose connective tissue, called the lamina propria—which together with the epithelium makes up the mucosa.

更层由基底膜细胞和疏松结缔组织组成，被称为基底层，它和上皮层一起组成了气道的黏膜层。

So its mucosa is made up of stratified squamous epithelium, which is better equipped to resist abrasion from food going down.

因此，其粘膜是由复层鳞状上皮构成的，能较好地抵御食物对食管的磨损。

A perforation becomes permanent when its edges are covered by squamous epithelium and it does not heal spontaneously.

当穿孔的边缘被鳞状上皮覆盖且不能自动愈合时，穿孔就成为永久性的。

On the other hand, rhinoviruses commonly infect the epithelium of the respiratory mucosa, which lines the nasal cavity.

另一方面，鼻病毒通常会感染鼻腔周围的呼吸道粘膜上皮细胞。

These are little bones that come off the nose, they're called turbinates, lined with specialized sensory epithelium.

是从鼻子上脱落的小骨头，它们被称为鼻甲，布有专门的感觉上皮。

The olfactory epithelium contains millions of bowling pin-shaped olfactory sensory neurons surrounded by insulating columnar supporting cells.

嗅觉上皮包含数百万个保龄球瓶状的嗅觉感觉神经元，周围是绝缘的柱状支持细胞。

In a very similar way, the membranes covering your lungs for example, are actually invaginations of your epithelium — where the tissue that makes up your you-tube folds to form a cavity — just like this balloon when I push my fingers into it.

打个比方，覆盖在你肺部的薄膜实际上是上皮的内陷——构成你的输卵管的组织折叠形成一个腔——就像我把手指伸进去的个气球。

One measurement, typically done post-mortem, is called the Reid index, which is the ratio of the thickness of the bronchial mucinous glands, relative to the total thickness of the airway - from the epithelium to the cartilage.

雷德指数是一种检验标准，一般在尸检时进行，它是支气管黏液腺厚度与气道从上皮到软骨总厚度的比值。

Acute pyelonephritis is most often unilateral - meaning it affects just one kidney - and when bacteria mount an attack, they usually start by adhering to the renal epithelium of the tubules, which triggers an inflammatory response.

急性肾盂肾炎多是单侧受累，也就是只感染一个肾；当细菌们发动攻击时，通常先黏附于肾小管内皮细胞，引发宿主的炎症反应。

For example, Leptospira interrogans, the most common cause of leptospirosis, has adhesins, which are proteins that help this bacteria attach to the host's cells - usually epithelium, monocytes, and macrophages.

举个例子，最常见的致病菌问号钩端螺旋体的粘附素可以帮助细菌粘附在宿主细胞表面，通常是表皮细胞、单核细胞以及巨噬细胞的表面。

Every single time you breathe in through your nose, the olfactory epithelium is alerted and the process starts again, over and over, all day long.

每一次你通过鼻子吸气时，嗅觉上皮都会收到警报，个过程会一整天一遍又一遍地重新开始。

Fatty acids and glycerol can easily pass through the small intestinal epithelium and into the lymphatics.

脂肪酸和甘油三酯都能轻易穿过肠壁进入淋巴管。

The epithelium of the nephron is made of specialized cells called podocytes which wrap around the basement membrane like the tentacles of an octopus.

肾单位的内皮细胞由特殊的细胞组成，称为足细胞；足细胞足突像章鱼触手一样包裹着基底膜。

It infects the epithelium of the respiratory mucosa, typically through a nasal route of transmission.

它通常通过鼻传播途径，感染呼吸道粘膜上皮。

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the stratified squamous epithelium.

食管鳞癌起源于复层鳞状上皮。

There's the " proper" epithelium, which covers and lines your outer and inner body.

一个是“适当的”上皮，它覆盖并排列你的外身体和内身体。