Yes, I asked you: Which word means a belief that physical possessions are the most important thing in life? Is it a) metaphysics, b) materialism or c) existentialism?

是的，我的问题是：以下哪个单词的意思是相信物质财富是生活中最重要的东西？是a) metaphysics? （形而上学） b) materialism（唯物义）? 还是c) existentialism（义）?

Existentialism exists as a refusal of the notion of our lives having some predetermined reasoning.

义作为一种拒绝生命概念的思，认为一些事情是命中注定的。

At its heart then, existentialism is not really all about meaninglessness.

因此，义的核心并不完全是讨论无意义。

Anyway, I was ready to impress with my profound knowledge of post-structuralism and existentialism.

总之，我已经准备好用我对后结构义和义的深刻知识来打动他们。

I actually watched a lecture on existentialism and the Frankfurt School from the course on the modern intellectual tradition from Descartes to Derrida by Lawrence Cahoon in preparation for this video.

其实我准备这期视频的时候，看了劳伦斯·卡翁的《从笛卡尔到德里达》的现代知识传统课程中关于义和法兰克福学派的内容。

Mysteries don't get solved, and order doesn't get restored. … LOL Philosophically, the worldview of the Theater of the Absurd is similar to existentialism, probably because Esslin was influenced by Albert Camus.

谜团不会被解开 秩序也不会恢复 … … 呵呵从哲学上来说 “荒诞派戏剧”的世界义相似 可能是因为埃斯林受到了阿尔贝·加缪的影响。

In the years following WWII, these ideas would converge into the school of thought most closely associated with their work: existentialism.

接下来的二战期间，这些法融合成为他们的作品关系最密切的思流派：义。

Sartre argued that the fundamental principle of existentialism is that " existence precedes essence" .

萨特认为，义的基本原则是“先于本质”。

Many of Camus' contemporaries were exploring similar questions under the banner of a new philosophy called existentialism.

许多加缪同时代的人都义 这一新的哲学领域的旗号下 探索着类似的问题。

Just as she'd created the foundations of existentialism, she'd now redefine the limits of gender.

正如她曾创造了义的基石，现她要重新定义性别的边界。

Some people think that existentialism is a depressing view of the world because it says the world has no ultimate and objective meaning.

一些人认为义是绝望的世界，因为义认为世界没有终极意义及客意义。

Existentialism is the idea that we are born without a purpose and that we are left to define our own.

义认为，我们的诞生没有注定意义，我们需要自己去定义自己。

Kierkegaard was a well-known and respected philosopher, often referred to as the father of existentialism.

克尔凯郭尔是一位著名的、受人尊敬的哲学家，经常被称为义之父。

After World War Two, the concept of existentialism became much more widespread.

二战之后，义的概念开始盛行。

Existentialism isn't about following someone else's path.

义并非追随他人的道路。

So how does existentialism differ from nihilism?

那么，义虚无义有何不同呢？

Existentialism associated with it, nothing like that.

之相关的义，完全没有那种东西。

But why do they place such an emphasis on... On the existentialism of death?

但他们为什么如此强调… … 死亡的义？

In the mid-19th century, philosophers such as Martin Heidegger, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Soren Kierkegaard challenged social dogma and demanded that people expand their ways of thinking to incorporate a fuller understanding of human experience in a movement now known as existentialism.

19世纪中叶，像马丁·海德格尔、弗里德里希·尼采和索伦·克尔凯郭尔这样的哲学家挑战了社会的教条， 并要求人们扩展他们的思维方式， 以更全面地理解人类经验， 这一运动现被称为义。

I would say it's… it's a very interesting field because it has a lot of existentialism in it, so understanding how everything works is a very challenging but also a very rewarding experience.

MM：我说的是… … 这是一个非常有趣的领域，因为其中有很多义，所以理解一切是如何运作的是一个非常具有挑战性但也是非常有益的经历。