However, in a biofilm, the extracellular matrix shields microbes from external threats.

但是，如果生活在生物膜中，细胞外基质能够为微生物提供保护。

In the extracellular state, the virus is called a virion and isn't capable of reproducing.

在细胞外，病毒被称为病毒粒，不能复制。

They move water out of their cells so that it freezes in the extracellular space.

它们将水移出细胞，这样水就在细胞外空间冻结。

Then, they start producing an extracellular matrix that holds them together as they divide and reproduce.

其后，细胞开始制造细胞外基质，细胞分裂、繁殖时细胞外基质能够保持细胞的完整。

As you get older, the production of these extracellular matrix molecules naturally starts to slow down.

随着你年龄的增长，这些细胞外基质分的再生减缓。

It acts as a coupling factor for an enzyme that synthesizes a component of extracellular matrix, collagen.

它作为一种酶的偶，合成细胞外基质的一种成分-胶原蛋白。

These substances caused capillaries to become leaky, so fluid leaks out, causing extracellular edema that further increases intra-compartment pressure.

这些物质会使毛细血管通透性增高，体液外渗引起细胞外水肿，进一步加重腔室内压力。

Collagen accompanies the extracellular matrix in providing the structure and tensile strength of connective tissues like our ligaments and tendons.

胶原伴随细胞外基质，为韧带和肌腱等结缔组织提供结构和抗拉强度。

As the cancer cells move into the epithelium, there's inflammation which brings extracellular fluid out through breaks in the skin.

随着癌细胞侵犯上皮，会有炎症导致细胞外液从皮肤的破口带出。

The jello that gives this confection its structure is like that extracellular matrix in your connective tissue.

这种果冻的结构就像你结缔组织中的细胞外基质。

As a result, there are fewer functioning microfibrils in the extracellular matrix, and that means there's less tissue integrity and elasticity.

这会导致细胞外基质中正常的微纤丝减少，造成组织完整性和弹性下降。

Instead, endocrine glands secrete their hormones directly into the surrounding extracellular space.

相反，内分泌腺直接将激素分泌到周围的细胞外间隙。

They move water out of their cells so that it freezes in the extracellular space.

Weiss：它们将水从细胞中移出，使其在细胞外空间冻结。

This osmotic gradient pulls water out of cells and into the extracellular space.

渗透压梯度使水流出细胞进入细胞外间隙。

When the body's levels of extracellular calcium change, it's detected by a surface receptor in parathyroid cells called the calcium-sensing receptor.

当人体细胞外钙水平改变时，会被甲状旁腺细胞中的一种表面受体钙敏感受体检测到。

If hypoxia lasts too long, intracellular edema can lead to cell membrane rupture, causing proteins to leak out into the extracellular space.

如果缺氧时间过长，细胞内水肿会造成细胞膜破裂，导致蛋白质外漏到细胞外。

Another important mechanism is hyperosmolarity, which is where there is an increased extracellular osmolarity, relative to the intracellular space.

另一个重要机制是高渗透压，即相对于细胞内，细胞外渗透压增高。

Diuretics also decrease the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, and are primarily used to produce a negative extracellular fluid balance.

利尿剂也减少细胞外液(ECF)的体积，主要用于产生负向细胞外液平衡。

Hypokalemia may result from increased excretion inadequate intake or shift to potassium from the extracellular fluid into the cells.

低钾血症可能是由排泄增加，摄入量不足或钾从细胞外液转移到细胞内所致。

Impaired kidney function is most prominent; excessive intake or extracellular shift is rarely the only cause.

肾功能受损最为突出；摄入过多或细胞外转移很少是唯一原。