The elaborate economic rules and regulations was overseen by a bloated expensive bureaucracy locking the government into a vicious circle and marking the first step of western society into feudalism.

详尽的经济未得到监督，因为官僚机构肿胀，政府陷入恶性循环，标志着西方会迈入封建会的第一步。

It's an internalized feudalism which imagines that only certain people but not oneself, have the right, preordained, to get certain things.

这是一种内心的封建制度，认为某些人而不是自己，才有权利或注定获得某些东西。

As a result, students are taught to associate traditional classic books with backwardness of feudalism.

导致老师教授学生的是传统典籍与封建制度的结合。

In Europe feudalism and chivalry arrived on horseback, as did Napoleon's troops.

在欧洲，封建和骑士精神是骑马而来的，拿破仑的军队也是如此。

A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism.

所，我们仍需长期的努力，避免一个数字专制的未来。

Since then, students in primary schools and high schools have been liberated from the claimed trash of feudalism.

自从这后，中小学生摆脱了封建的束缚。

This breakdown of serfdom and feudalism was followed by social unrest and rebellions when the aristocracy tried to fight the demands of the workers.

农奴制和封建制度的崩溃，随之而来的是会动荡和叛乱，贵族试图反抗工人的要求。

Historians see enormous political and economic impacts. Worker shortages gave serfs more bargaining power and hastened the end of feudalism.

历史学家看到了巨大的政治和经济影响。工人短缺给农奴们更多的议价能力，加速了封建的终结。

Macro questions are things like " What caused the transition from feudalism to capitalism? "

比如“是什么使封建会走向资本？”就是一个宏观问题。

They viewed dynamite rather as the way in which muskets helped end the domain of feudalism.

他们把炸药看成是终结了封建的毛瑟枪一样。

This is where capitalism was replacing feudalism.

这就是资本取代封建的地方。

That's what early medieval feudalism is known for also.

那就是早期中世纪封建制度的特色之一。

With the Norman Conquest, the period of tribal rule was finished and feudalism installed.

随着诺曼征服，部落统治时期结束，封建开始建立。

We are talking about feudalism and capitalism has always been a form of apocalyptic feudalism.

我们正在讨论封建，而资本实质上一直是一种末世论的封建形式。

He viewed capitalism as a historically necessary stage in economic progress, replacing systems that he considered to be outmoded—feudalism, where peasants were legally tied to their local land-owning lord, and mercantilism, in which governments control foreign trade.

他认为资本是经济进步中一个历史必然的阶段，取代了他认为过时的制度——封建，农民在法律上被束缚于本地地；及重商， 其中政府控制对外贸易。

Feudalism was also an economic system, with the peasants working the land and keeping some of their production to feed themselves while giving the rest to the landowner whose land they worked.

封建也是一种经济制度，农民在土地上耕作， 保留部分产品来养活自己， 同时将其余部分交给他们耕种土地的地。

The economy was now characterized by feudalism, which meant that a few powerful nobles owned the land, which the serfs had to toil on in order to live.

现在的经济封建为特征，这意味着一些有权有势的贵族拥有土地，农奴不得不在这些土地上劳作谋生。

The class struggle  became increasingly common in Western Europe and would remain popular for the next few centuries  before wiping the stain of feudalism off the land.

阶级斗争在西欧变得越来越普遍，且在接下来的几个世纪里一直很流行，然后才从这片土地上抹去封建的污点。

Maybe you'd think back to Marx or Durkheim and say that it was the shift from feudalism to capitalism.

也许你会想到马克思或杜尔克姆，认为是从封建向资本的转变。

It's an old word that describes a system, common in the Middle Ages in Europe, called " feudalism" (feudalism).

这是一个古老的词汇， 用来描述中世纪欧洲常见的一种制度，称为“封建” （feudalism）。