Breath from Salt by Bijal Trivedi. It's about cystic fibrosis which is a disease that affects over 10,000 kids in the U.S.

《盐呼吸》作者碧周·翠瓦狄，这是本关于囊性纤维化疾病书，这种疾病影响了美国超过1万名儿童。

Instead, one idea is to use this technique to help cystic fibrosis patients.

相反，其中一种想法是，利用这项技术帮助囊性纤维病患者。

Coarse crackles occur when there's pulmonary fibrosis, or scarring in the lungs.

当肺纤维化或肺部疤痕形成时，会出现粗湿啰音。

Finally, it's worth noting that even folks that don't die from COVID-19 including young and healthy individuals can go on to develop pulmonary fibrosis, a chronic lung condition that can severely impair a person's quality of life.

最后还有一点，即使是那些没有死于COVID-19患者，包括年轻健康人，也有可能继续发展成肺纤维化；这种慢性肺疾病会严重损害个人生活质量。

Between each of the vertebral bodies is an intervertebral disc which is made of type I and type II collagen and has two parts, the annulus fibrosis, an outer fibrous ring, and the nucleus pulposus, an inner jelly-like substance.

在椎体之间是由ⅠⅡ原构成椎间盘，它由两部分组成：环形纤维结构称为纤维环，而状物质称为髓核。

When all that stuff stagnates, it initiates an inflammatory reaction that causes macrophages to release inflammatory molecules, which ultimately damage surrounding cells and leads to fibrosis which is the thickening of connective tissue, or the creation of scar tissue.

当所有这些物质淤滞时，将会引发炎症反应，从而导致巨噬细胞释放炎症因子，最终破坏周围细胞，造成组织纤维化，即结缔组织增厚，形成瘢痕组织。

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that causes scarring of the pancreas, while pulmonary fibrosis is a scarring of the lungs, resulting in shortness of breath.

囊肿性纤维化是一种会在胰腺上产生伤疤遗传疾病，而肺纤维化则是在肺上产生伤疤从而形成呼吸困难。

And general causes include chronic illness, like cystic fibrosis or celiac disease, excessive exercise, malnutrition or obesity, and stress - all of which affect the way the hypothalamus and pituitary release hormones.

而一般病因包括囊性纤维病、乳糜泻等慢性病、运动过度、营养不良、肥胖以及精神压力等，以上因素都会对下丘脑垂体释放激素方式产生影响。

One or more of these could move toward trials in the next few years, says Riley, including one for multi-resistant tuberculosis and another for pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients.

赖利说，其中一种或多种药物有望在未来几年进入临床试验阶段，其中一种用于治疗耐多药结核病，另一种用于治疗囊性纤维化患者肺部感染。

The treatment, which counteracts the effects of a genetic mutation carried by 90% of Cystic fibrosis patients, comes 30 years after researchers identified the gene behind the disease.

在研究人员确定该疾病背后基因30年后，该疗法抵消了90%囊性纤维化患者所携带基因突变影响。

We are finding mucus is compromised in a number of diseases or conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, certain forms of dental cavity formation, certain forms of infertility.

我们发现，黏液在多种疾病或状况中受到损害，包括炎症性肠病、囊性纤维化、某些形式龋齿形成以及某些形式不孕。

CF is an autosomal recessive disorder involving the CFTR gene, which stands for " cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, " and this gene codes for the CFTR protein.

CF是一种常染色体隐形遗传病，涉及CFTR基因；CFTR代表跨膜传导调节基因，它编码了CFTR蛋白。

With that idea in mind, researchers looked at biofilm-assembling bacteria notorious for causing infections in the urinary tract and the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis.

怀着这一理念，研究人员观察了生物膜集合细菌，而它们因能导致尿路感染肺部囊细胞纤维症而臭名昭著。

Well fibrosis is a process mediated by special cells called stellate cells, that sit between the sinusoid and hepatocyte, known as the perisinusoidal space.

纤维化过程是由星形细胞调控；星形细胞位于血窦肝细胞之间，即窦周间隙。

Editing the unhealthy cells of those suffering from genetic diseases such as Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis will alleviate their suffering.

编辑那些患有杜氏肌营养不良囊性纤维化等遗传疾病人不健康细胞将减轻患者痛苦。

The variation present in most non-Africans with cystic fibrosis is responsible for only about 30% of cases in people of African origin.

基因突变引起囊性纤维化是大多数非非洲人心力衰竭原因，因这一遗传原因发病非洲人只有30%。

These discoveries, fascinating in and of themselves, also pave the way for new approaches to treating infections in those with cystic fibrosis.

这些发现本身就很极具吸引力，也为治疗囊性纤维症患者感染新方法铺平了道路。

Our first season is about a pathologist named Dorothy Andersen, the first person to identify cystic fibrosis in a patient in the 1930s.

我们第一级介绍是病理学家 Dorothy Andersen，她在上世纪30年代首次在患者中发现囊细胞纤维化。

Janet and Francis Murnaghan complained that the rules discriminated against their daughter Sarah, a ten-year-old being treated for cystic fibrosis in Philadelphia.

珍妮特·莫纳汉弗朗西斯·莫纳汉夫妇抱怨这样规定对他们十岁女儿萨拉不公平。萨拉正在费城接受囊性纤维病治疗。

The tissue that's encapsulated by the granuloma undergoes fibrosis and often calcification, producing scar tissue that can be seen on x-ray

被肉芽肿包裹组织会纤维化且会钙化，形成瘢痕组织，这种钙化组织可以在X光片上看到。