So there's five main buffers in the blood and in the kidney filtrate that the body can use to buffer hydrogen ions.

所以血液和肾脏滤液中有五个主要的缓冲剂，身体可以用来缓冲氢离子。

So in the final steps, after the filtrate leaves the DCT, it enters the collecting duct, which runs back into the medulla.

所以在最后一步，滤液离开 DCT 后，进入，又回到髓质。

Ultimately the filtrate is turned into urine and is excreted from the kidney through the ureter, into the bladder, and peed away.

最终滤液变成液，通过输从肾脏排出，进入膀胱，再出。

As the filtrate leaves the Bowman's capsule it flows into the renal tubule, which is surrounded by the peritubular capillaries.

滤液离开肾小囊后流入肾小，后者被周毛细血网包围。

In these situations, the nephron tries to hold on to salt and water, so by the time filtrate has moved into the distal tubule, there's very little of both sodium and water remaining in the lumen.

在这种情况，肾单位试图保留盐和水，所以当滤过液移入远曲小，只有少量钠和水留在腔中。

But here's a problem: Your kidneys can only handle so much filtrate at a time, so they have to maintain a constant rate of flow inside of them.

你的肾脏一次只能处理这么多滤液，所以它们必须保持体内恒定的流速。

Sometimes fluid or electrolytes can move back from the filtrate into the blood - called reabsorption, and sometimes more fluid or electrolytes can move from the blood to the fitrate - called secretion.

有液体或电解质能从滤液回到血液中，被称为重吸；有更多液体或电解质从血液流入滤液，称之为分泌。

These cells also are covered in microvilli that increase their surface area and help re-absorb much of the good stuff from the filtrate and back into the blood.

这些细胞也被微绒毛覆盖，增加了它们的表面积，有助于从滤液中重新吸大部分有益物质并回到血液中。

But in the parts of the nephron that reabsorb water, like the descending limb of the loop of Henle, water has to move easily through cells, from the filtrate to the blood.

但是在肾单位重新吸水的部分，比如亨利袢的降部分，水必须很容易地通过细胞，从滤液到血液。

Blood gets into the kidney through the renal artery, into tiny clumps of arterioles called glomeruli where it's initially filtered, with the filtrate, the stuff filtered out, moving into the renal tubule.

血液通过肾动脉流入肾脏，一旦入肾，便进入一小团小动脉，即肾小球，开始过滤；滤液过滤出来，进入肾小。

They use it to ramp up the concentration gradient earlier in the process, making the medulla even saltier for the filtrate that's back there going through the ascending limb.

在这个过程的早期，他们用它来提高浓度梯度，使髓质对穿过上升肢体的滤液更咸。

The remaining filtrate passes from the PCT into the loop of Henle, which starts in the cortex, then dips into the medulla before coming back into the cortex.

剩余的滤液从 PCT 进入 亨利氏袢，从皮层开始，然后浸入髓质，然后返回皮层。

As we move out of the loop of Henle, into the distal convoluted tubule, and on to the collecting duct, the remaining filtrate is now officially urine.

当我们离开亨利氏袢，进入远端卷曲的小，到达，剩余的滤液现在正式成为液。

Now that filtrate will eventually move into the ureter.

现在滤液最终会进入输。

And I think, too, it's not always good for your kidneys and your liver because your system has to filtrate all those things out that it doesn't need.

而且我认为，这对你的肾脏和肝脏也不总是好的，因为你的身体系统必须过滤掉那些不需要的东西。

Since most of this water is picked up by the blood pretty quickly, the saltiness of the interstitial space doesn't get diluted. So it can keep drawing water out of the next batch of filtrate in the descending limb.

由于大部分水很快被血液吸，间质空间的咸味不会被稀释。所以它可以继续从降肢体的一批滤液中抽水。

The walls here are made of cuboidal epithelial cells, with big ol' mitochondria that make ATP, to power pumps that pull lots of sodium ions from the filtrate, using active transport.

这里的壁由立方上皮细胞组成，有巨大的线粒体制造三磷酸腺苷，通过主动运输为从滤液中提取大量钠离子的泵提供动力。

This reabsorption process allows water to pass from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulatory system.

这种再吸过程使水从肾小球滤液进入循环系统。

The glomerular filtrate is not the same consistency as urine, as much of it is reabsorbed into the blood as the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron.

肾小球滤液与液的浓度不同，当滤液通过肾小，大部分被重新吸到血液中。

So it moves into the filtrate.

所以它进入滤液。