Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water.

而有细菌只有鞭毛。鞭毛旋转可以推动细菌在水中行。

Matrix producers pump out the extracellular goo, swimmers assemble flagella and are free to move about or migrate, and spore-formers produce dormant, tough endospores that survive starvation, temperature extremes, and harmful radiation.

基质制造者能够分泌细胞外粘性物质，鞭毛可以自由活动和迁移，芽孢菌生产休眠、坚硬孢内壁，孢内壁能够在饥饿、极端温度、以及有害射线下生存。

Over billions of years of evolution, nature has come up with lots of molecular machines, from whip-like flagella that help cells move, to enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions.

在几十亿年化程中，大自然产生了许多分机器，从帮助细胞运动鞭状鞭毛体到催生化学反应酶。

It has pili and a single polar flagellum, kind of like a tail, at one end which it uses for movement through the gastrointestinal tract.

它含有菌毛和条像尾巴鞭毛；鞭毛可以移动，使其能在胃肠道中移动。

The process by which a spermatid elongates, grows a tail, or flagellum, and officially becomes a mobile sperm is called spermiogenesis.

精细胞伸长、长出尾巴或鞭毛并正式成为移动精程称为精形成。

Well, choanoflagellates have little flagella that whip back and forth to move them from place to place.

领鞭虫有很小鞭毛，鞭毛来回摆动，让它们从个地方移动到另个地方。

The cells use rotating flagella to propel towards the surface of the rock, which they attach to with the help of sticky appendages.

细胞利用旋转鞭毛游向石头表面，然后利用富有粘性附属物附着于石头上。

Leptospira is also a motile bacteria because it has flagella that help it move around.

钩端螺旋体也是种能动菌，因为它有可以帮助运动鞭毛。

They can also have flagella which are long, whip-like protrusions that allow the bacteria to move.

细菌表面也有类似鞭样突出物，称为鞭毛，它们参与协助细菌运动。

As in modern specimens, the fossil sperm lacked a flagellum, or tail.

和现代样本样，化石精缺乏鞭毛，也就是尾巴。

And when blue light shines onto the eyespot of an algae cell, a channel opens, sending an electrical signal that makes little flagella flap and propels the algae towards sunlight.

当蓝光照射到藻类细胞眼点上时， 个通道打开，发出电信号， 使小鞭毛拍打并推动藻类朝向阳光。

Now, how that flagellum beating and how the movement of that structure changes in response to changing flow conditions was completely ignored.

Nosrati：现在，鞭毛跳动以及该结构运动如何随着流动条件变化而变化被完全忽略了。

And they wanted to focus on the flagellum because it's that whiplike tail that propels a sperm forward.

霍普金：他们想把重点放在鞭毛上，因为鞭状尾巴推动精前。