1.Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water.

而有的细菌只有一根鞭。鞭的旋转可以推细菌在水中行进。

2.Well, choanoflagellates have little flagella that whip back and forth to move them from place to place.

领鞭虫有很小的鞭，鞭来回摆，让它们从一个地方另一个地方。

3.Leptospira is also a motile bacteria because it has flagella that help it move around.

钩端螺旋体也是一种能菌，因为它有可以帮助运的鞭。

4.They can also have flagella which are long, whip-like protrusions that allow the bacteria to move.

细菌表面也有类似鞭子一样的突物，称为鞭，它们参与协助细菌运。

5.As in modern specimens, the fossil sperm lacked a flagellum, or tail.

与现代标本一样，化石精子没有鞭或尾巴。机翻

6.The cells use rotating flagella to propel towards the surface of the rock, which they attach to with the help of sticky appendages.

细胞利用旋转的鞭石头的表面，然后利用富有粘性的附属物附着于石头上。

7.The process by which a spermatid elongates, grows a tail, or flagellum, and officially becomes a mobile sperm is called spermiogenesis.

精子细胞伸长、长尾巴或鞭并正式成为精子的过程称为精子形成。

8.And they wanted to focus on the flagellum because it's that whiplike tail that propels a sperm forward.

霍普金：他们想把重点放在鞭上，因为鞭状的尾巴推精子前进。机翻

9.It has pili and a single polar flagellum, kind of like a tail, at one end which it uses for movement through the gastrointestinal tract.

它含有菌和一条像尾巴的鞭；鞭可以，使其能在胃肠道中。

10.Now, how that flagellum beating and how the movement of that structure changes in response to changing flow conditions was completely ignored.

Nosrati：现在，鞭的跳以及该结构的运如何随着流条件的变化而变化被完全忽略了。机翻

11.Over billions of years of evolution, nature has come up with lots of molecular machines, from whip-like flagella that help cells move, to enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions.

在几十亿年的进化过程中，大自然产生了许多分子机器，从帮助细胞运的鞭状鞭体催生化学反应的酶。

12.Matrix producers pump out the extracellular goo, swimmers assemble flagella and are free to move about or migrate, and spore-formers produce dormant, tough endospores that survive starvation, temperature extremes, and harmful radiation.

基质制造者能够分泌细胞外粘性物质，鞭可以自由活和迁，芽孢菌生产休眠、坚硬的孢子内壁，孢子内壁能够在饥饿、极端温度、以及有害射线下生存。

13.And when blue light shines onto the eyespot of an algae cell, a channel opens, sending an electrical signal that makes little flagella flap and propels the algae towards sunlight.

当蓝光照射藻类细胞的眼点上时， 一个通道打开，发电信号， 使小鞭拍打并推藻类朝阳光。机翻