Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water.

而有的细菌只有一根鞭毛。鞭毛的旋转可以推动细菌在水中行进。

Well, choanoflagellates have little flagella that whip back and forth to move them from place to place.

领鞭虫有很小的鞭毛，鞭毛来回摆动，让一个地方移动到另一个地方。

The process by which a spermatid elongates, grows a tail, or flagellum, and officially becomes a mobile sperm is called spermiogenesis.

精子细胞伸长、长出尾巴鞭毛并正式成为移动精子的过程称为精子形成。

As in modern specimens, the fossil sperm lacked a flagellum, or tail.

和现代本一，精子缺乏鞭毛，也就是尾巴。

And they wanted to focus on the flagellum because it's that whiplike tail that propels a sperm forward.

霍普金：他想把重点放在鞭毛上，因为鞭状的尾巴推动精子前进。

The cells use rotating flagella to propel towards the surface of the rock, which they attach to with the help of sticky appendages.

细胞利用旋转的鞭毛游向头的表面，然后利用富有粘性的附属物附着于头上。

It has pili and a single polar flagellum, kind of like a tail, at one end which it uses for movement through the gastrointestinal tract.

含有菌毛和一条像尾巴的鞭毛；鞭毛可以移动，使其能在胃肠道中移动。

Now, how that flagellum beating and how the movement of that structure changes in response to changing flow conditions was completely ignored.

Nosrati：现在，鞭毛的跳动以及该结构的运动如何随着流动条件的变而变被完全忽略了。

Over billions of years of evolution, nature has come up with lots of molecular machines, from whip-like flagella that help cells move, to enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions.

在几十亿年的进过程中，大自然产生了许多分子机器，帮助细胞运动的鞭状鞭毛体到催生学反应的酶。