And all those free electrons are great at conducting electricity.

而那些自由电子有很好的导电性。

As these free electrons rush from one electrode to the other, they collide with more neon atoms, causing them to ionize as well.

当这些自由电子从电极的一端涌向另一端，它们会与更多的氖原子碰撞，并使自身也离子化。

Sheldon, I told you, I only have access to the free electron laser at night. I can't drive you for the next few weeks.

谢尔顿我跟了，我只有晚上才能用自由电子激光仪。接下来几个礼拜我都不能开车送了。

To free electrons, something has to make them whirl fast enough to break away from their nuclei.

为了释放电子，必须使电子高速旋转而足以摆脱原子核的束缚。

This was an important event! Free electrons are really really good at absorbing photons, absorbing light.

这一个大事件！自由电子非常擅长吸收光子，吸收光。

Plasma is kind of like a gas, except that its atoms have some of their electrons stripped off, so it's made up of positively-charged ions and a bunch of free electrons zooming around.

等离子体就像种气体，除了它原子上的一些电子被扯下来了，所以它由正离子组成的，再加上很多自由电子在转。

The free electrons in metals are especially good at this vibrating-to-match-visible-light thing.

自由电子和金属产生的振荡与可见光波长匹配。

In the first few seconds after the Big Bang, the universe was a sea of free electrons and atomic nuclei, so unbelievably hot and dense that not even photons could escape that opaque cosmic pinball machine.

在大爆炸后的最初几秒钟，宇宙一片自由电子和原子核的海洋，热到难以置信， 密度也极高， 连光子都无法从这个不透明的宇宙弹珠机中逃脱。

So if you have a semiconductor material, it, you can change the number of free electrons that can move around by putting different elements, different atoms in lattice sites.

所以如果有一种半导体材料，可以通在晶格位置放置不同的元素、不同的原子来改变可以移动的自由电子的数量。

Since Starfish Prime detonated at an altitude of  400 kilometres, these gamma rays collided with atoms in the upper atmosphere creating a cascade  of free electrons.

由于“海星一号” 在 400 公里的高空爆炸，这些伽马射线与高层大气中的原子发生碰撞， 产生了大量自由电子。

The kind of chemistry that happens inside of a battery is called electrochemistry because it involves reactions that produce or consume free electrons.

电池内部发生的化学反应称为电化学，因为它涉及产生或消耗自由电子的反应。

This type of star was known to be very dense and made of compact, degenerate matter composed of atomic nuclei and free electrons.

这种星体以极高密度著称，由致密、退化的物质构成，这种物质主要由原子核和自由电子组成。

And the amount of dispersion tells you how many free electrons that radio wave had to pass through to reach the detector.

色散量告诉您无线电波必须通多少个自由电子才能到达检测器。

These moving electrons are called free electrons.

电子可以自由移动，称为 这些移动的电子：电子。

We'll begin at the top with a device called a field emission source which generates free electrons.

我们将从顶部开始，使用一种称为场发射源的设备来生成自由电子。

So we’ve got insulators and conductors with free electrons moving around in them.

所以我们有绝缘体和导体， 其中有自由电子在其中移动。

And as a result these things don't have a lot of free electrons.

因此这些东西没有很多自由电子。

And so if we have free electrons it's easy for them to flow through that metal.

因此, 如果我们有自由电子, 它们很容易流金属。

So and even more basic than that a semiconductor material silicon say so In silicon silicon is a semiconductor and what that means is at low temperature There are no free charges no free electrons that can move around.

所以，比这更基本的半导体材料，比如硅。在硅中，硅一种半导体，这意味着在低温下没有自由电荷，没有可以移动的自由电子。

As these positively charged helium nuclei are ejected at ludicrous speeds, the alpha particles run into atoms in the atmosphere and knock off their electrons, thus creating positively charged nitrogen, oxygen, other gases, and thousands of free electrons.

当这些带正电的氦核以极快的速度被弹出时，阿尔法粒子会撞到大气中的原子，将其电子击飞，从而产生带正电的氮气、氧气、其他气体以及成千上万的自由电子。