Gymnosperms and angiosperms both have seeds.

裸植物和被植物都有。

Baker said angiosperms are more successful at reproducing than gymnosperms.

贝克说，被植物比裸植物繁殖方面更成功。

Gymnosperms usually depend upon the wind for pollination.

裸植物通常依靠风授粉。

Their closest relatives are the gymnosperms, a group that came before them on Earth.

它们近亲是裸植物，这是地球上先于它们群体。

As gymnosperms declined, angiosperms or flowering plants filled the niches  they left behind.

随着裸植物衰落，被植物或开花植物填补了它们留下态位。

Known technically as gymnosperms, they have needle-like leaves which are almost always evergreen and reproduce through exposed seeds nestled within cones.

它们技术上被称为裸植物， 有针状叶， 几乎总是常绿，并通过球果内暴露进行繁殖。

So, why was this butterfly-lookalike visiting a gymnosperm 165 million years ago?

那么，为什么这只长得像蝴蝶人会 1.65 亿年前造访裸植物呢？

Like the scorpionflies and lacewings, these true flies were thriving on the reproductive structures of gymnosperms, not angiosperms.

就像蝎蛉和草蛉样，这些真正蝇类裸植物繁殖结构上繁盛，而不是被植物。

And so we have today the two basic types of trees – gymnosperms – the conifers also known as softwoods, and angiosperms, the flowering trees known as broadleafs or hardwoods.

所以今天我们就有了两基本类型树木——裸植物——针叶树，也称为软木， 和被植物， 开花树木， 也称为阔叶树或硬木。

Which is weird, because today most gymnosperms are conifers - plants whose reproductive structures often look like cones and are pollinated by wind, not by insects.

这很奇怪， 因为今天大多数裸植物都是针叶树——它们殖结构通常看起来像球果，靠风而不是昆虫授粉。

For millions of years, gymnosperms  grew in vast prehistoric forests and murky swamps, forming dense yet open ecosystems where reptiles  and amphibians thrived.

数百万年来， 裸植物长广阔史前森林和浑浊沼泽中，形成密集而开放态系统， 爬行动物和两栖动物这里繁衍息。

But the gymnosperms haven’t been totally abandoned by their pollinators.

但裸植物并没有 被它们传粉者完全抛弃。

During the Cretaceous Period, many common plants  were gymnosperms or seed-producing plants, like early conifers.

白垩纪时期， 许多常见植物是裸植物或产植物，如早期针叶树。

But, ultimately, many of the specialized gymnosperm pollinators would go extinct, including the ancient lacewings around 100 million years ago, and that group of true flies and certain groups of scorpionflies about 94 million years ago.

但最终，许多特化裸植物传粉者会灭绝，包括大约亿年前古代草蛉，以及大约九千四百万年前类真蝇和某些蝎蛉群体。

They spread into many ecological niches and replaced the gymnosperms.

它们扩散到许多态位并 取代了裸植物。

But the gymnosperms haven't been totally abandoned by their pollinators.

但裸植物并没有被它们传粉者完全抛弃。

Like angiosperms replaced gymnosperms, non-avian dinosaurs were largely succeeded by  new kinds of mammals, which began to dominate terrestrial ecosystems.

就像被植物取代裸植物样，非鸟类恐龙很大程度上被新型哺乳动物所取代，并开始主宰陆地态系统。

The sweet pollen drops of some modern gymnosperms still attract pollinating flies and moths.

些现代裸植物甜花粉滴 仍然吸引授粉苍蝇和飞蛾。

As the angiosperms got their foothold and attracted crossover pollinators like beetles, some pollinators still remained loyal to the gymnosperms.

当被植物站稳脚跟并吸引了些跨界授粉者如甲虫时，些授粉者仍然忠于裸植物。

But, for most of the history of land plants, gymnosperms were dominant.

但是，陆地植物大部分历史中， 裸植物占主导地位。