Never mind, said he, chuckling to himself. The question now is about haemoglobin.

这没有什么，他格格地笑了笑，现在要谈是色蛋白质问题。

But the most common cause of low haemoglobin levels, or anaemia, is lack of iron.

但导致红蛋白水平低或贫最常见原因是缺铁。

The carbon monoxide permanently binds to haemoglobin in your blood, blocking oxygen from binding.

一氧化碳会永久地与你红蛋白结合，阻止氧气结合。

The reason is that, besides its well-known role in haemoglobin, the oxygen-transporting molecule in the blood, iron is also involved in many aspects of brain development.

因为除了在氧气运输分子——红蛋白发挥着众所周知作用外，铁元素还在许多面参与了大脑发育。

They can do this because inside the red blood cells, there is a very important molecule called haemoglobin.

它们之所以能做到这一点，是因为在红球内部，有一种非常重要分子，叫做红蛋白。

And they become sticky. Bad haemoglobin also causes red blood cells to die more quickly than healthy red blood cells.

会变得粘稠。不良红蛋白还会导致红细胞比健康红细胞更快死亡。

So, they cannot make enough haemoglobin.

因此，他们不能制造足够红蛋白。

The body needs a particular amount of haemoglobin to work correctly.

人体需要一定数量红蛋白才能正常工作。

Sickle Cell Anemia affects a protein in the red blood cells. This protein is called haemoglobin.

镰状细胞性贫影响红细胞一种蛋白质。这种蛋白质被称为红蛋白。

This means they have fewer haemoglobin molecules to help move and hold oxygen.

这意味着它们有较少红蛋白分子来帮助运输和保存氧气。

But carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin more strongly than oxygen does.

但是一氧化碳与红蛋白结合力比氧气更强。

If we had an approach that could go beyond cutting and essentially find and replace, correct that defect and restore the normal haemoglobin protein, that should be a definitive cure.

如果我们有一种法可以超越切割从根本上找到和替换，纠正该缺陷恢复正常红蛋白，那应该是一种彻底治愈法。

Well you can say that iron is in my blood, it is in your blood as well. It is iron that gives haemoglobin the red pigment in your blood, its red colour.

你可以这么说，铁在我里，也在你里。正是铁让红蛋白有了红色素，使其呈现红色。

There are many reasons why haemoglobin levels may drop.

导致红蛋白水平下降原因有很多。

Both are caused by genetic faults in the instructions for making haemoglobin, a protein that helps red blood cells carry oxygen.

这两种疾病都是由于红蛋白（一种帮助红细胞携带氧气蛋白质）制造指令基因缺陷引起。

After one year, they retest the haemoglobin level of the population and find that now only half of the population has a normal level and no one is anaemic.

一年后，他们重新检测了居民红蛋白水平，发现现在只有半数居民水平正常，没有人贫。

Giving a small dose is the gold-standard way to measure levels of haemoglobin, a molecule found in red blood cells, and an important statistic for endurance athletes.

给予小剂量是测量红蛋白水平黄金标准法。红蛋白是红细胞分子，也是耐力运动员重要统计数据。

The company reckons its base-editing drug will work better than CRISPR-Cas9 and deliver higher levels of haemoglobin.

该公司认为，其碱基编辑药物将比 CRISPR-Cas9 效果更好，能提供更高水平红蛋白。

About 5 per cent of people will be anaemic and 5 per cent will have too much haemoglobin, a condition called polycythaemia.

约5%人会贫，而5%人红细胞过多，这种情况称为多症。

It involves collecting blood stem cells from a patient, editing a gene within them to restart the production of a type of haemoglobin that is usually produced only when a baby is in the womb, and re-injecting those stem cells.

它包括从患者体内采集干细胞，编辑其基因以重新启动一种通常只在婴儿在子宫内时产生红蛋白，然后重新注射这些干细胞。