In chapter thirteen, Aristotle outlines an ideal of the central character of tragedy, the so-called tragic hero, and identifies the source of the character's downfall with something called hamartia.

在第十三章，亚里斯多德描画了一个心角色--主人公理想，并指出角色堕落是因为一种叫“性”（hamartia）东西。

It is obvious that Freek tragedy,especially Aristotle's hamartia has greatly influenced Hardy's writing and there is a serious vein of tragedy throughout the novel.

哈代在创作受到希腊,特别是亚里斯多德主角“过失”说理论影响,小说具有凝重色彩。