Now, in the blood, each red blood cell has millions of hemoglobin proteins.

在中，每红细胞都有数百万的红蛋白。

They are made in the bone marrow and contain a special ion-containing protein called hemoglobin.

它们是在骨髓中形成的，含有种叫做红蛋白的特殊含离子蛋白质。

These disorders are caused by genetic mutations that prevent the normal production of hemoglobin.

这些疾病是由阻止红蛋白正常产生的基因突变引起的。

Now hemoglobin is made up of hemes and globins.

红蛋白由红素与珠蛋白构成。

So each hemoglobin can carry four oxygen molecules when it's fully saturated.

所以在和时，每红蛋白可以携带四氧分子。

The illnesses are caused by errors in the gene for hemoglobin.

这些疾病是由红蛋白基因缺陷引起的。

But the fact is, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen isn't always the same.

但事实是，红蛋白对氧气的亲和力并不总是样的。

Hemoglobin electrophoresis can be done to see which hemoglobin types are present.

红蛋白电泳可用来鉴别红蛋白的类型。

Finally, the diagnosis is confirmed by genetic testing to look for hemoglobin gene mutations.

最后，可以通过基因检测寻找异常红蛋白基因进行确诊。

And each of those hemoglobins can bind to four oxygen molecules.

而红蛋白能与4氧分子结合。

Carbon monoxide and oxygen compete to bite hemoglobin in your blood, which stresses the circulatory system.

氧化碳和氧气争先恐后地与中的红蛋白结合，这给循环系统带来了压力。

Normally, hemoglobin is made up of four globin chains, each bound to a heme group.

正常情况下，红蛋白由4条珠蛋白链组成，每条珠蛋白链都与红素基团结合。

If there are three defective alpha genes, there's moderate disease, called hemoglobin H, or HbH, disease.

如果有3α基因异常，则出现中度地中海贫，即红蛋白H病（HbH病）。

It says that an increase in carbon dioxide results in hemoglobin proteins releasing oxygen into the tissues.

当中的二氧化碳增多时，红蛋白会把红细胞绑定的氧气释放到人体组织中去。

Most important among these are oxygen molecules, which bind to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells.

其中最重要的就是氧分子，氧分子与红细胞中的红蛋白结合。

Anyway, this one, what does the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin look like, comparing maternal versus fetal.

无论如何，这，红蛋白的氧解离曲线是什么样子的，比较母亲和胎儿的。

Sickle cell disease is caused by defective hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.

镰状细胞病是由有缺陷的红蛋白引起，后者是红细胞中的携氧蛋白。

When red blood cells do not have enough hemoglobin, oxygen doesn't get to all parts of the body.

当红细胞没有足够的红蛋白时，氧气就无法到达身体的各部位。

To treat sickle cell disease, researchers used CRISPR to make the body produce the fetal form of hemoglobin.

为了治疗镰状细胞病，研究人员使用 CRISPR 使身体产生胎儿形式的红蛋白。

The modified cells are then infused back into the body to allow it to start producing functioning hemoglobin.

然后将修改后的细胞注入体内，使其开始产生功能正常的红蛋白。