Different hemoglobins have different combinations of these chains.

不同的血是肽链的不同组合。

And each of those hemoglobins can bind to four oxygen molecules.

而一个血能与4个分子结合。

A hemoglobin tetramer with two alpha-globin and two mutated beta-globin proteins is called sickle hemoglobin, or HbS.

由两条α-珠与两条变异β-珠构成的血四聚体，称作镰状血，或HbS。

When red blood cells do not have enough hemoglobin, oxygen doesn't get to all parts of the body.

当细胞没有足够的血时，无法到达身体的各个部位。

Now, in the blood, each red blood cell has millions of hemoglobin proteins.

血液中，每个血细胞都有数百万的血。

These disorders are caused by genetic mutations that prevent the normal production of hemoglobin.

这些疾病是由阻止血正常产生的基因突变引起的。

Normally, hemoglobin is made up of four globin chains, each bound to a heme group.

正常情况下，血由4条珠链组成，每条珠链都与一个血素基团结合。

They are made in the bone marrow and contain a special ion-containing protein called hemoglobin.

它们是骨髓中形成的，含有一种叫做血的特殊含离子质。

Hemoglobin electrophoresis can be done to see which hemoglobin types are present.

血电泳可用来鉴别血的类型。

They also have a special type of hemoglobin, the molecule in the blood that transports oxygen.

他们同时有着一种特殊的血，这种分子血液中负责运输。

Carbon monoxide and oxygen compete to bite hemoglobin in your blood, which stresses the circulatory system.

一化碳和争先恐后地与血液中的血结合，这给血液循环系统带来了压力。

These four globin chains combine in different ways to give rise to different kinds of hemoglobin.

这四种珠链以不同的方式结合，形成不同类型的血。

It says that an increase in carbon dioxide results in hemoglobin proteins releasing oxygen into the tissues.

当血液中的二化碳增多时，血会把细胞绑定的释放到人体组织中去。

Sickle cell disease is caused by defective hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.

镰状细胞病是由有缺陷的血引起，后者是细胞中的携。

Those ions bind to the hemoglobin, changing its shape yet again, further lowering its affinity for oxygen.

这些离子与血结合，再次改变其形状，进一步降低其对的亲和力。

One of the adaptations that the body makes after it's been at high altitude is to make more hemoglobin.

高海拔地区，身体的其中一个适应是制造更多的血。

To treat sickle cell disease, researchers used CRISPR to make the body produce the fetal form of hemoglobin.

为了治疗镰状细胞病，研究人员使用 CRISPR 使身体产生胎儿形式的血。

Their hemoglobin is much stickier for oxygen than ours and can pick oxygen up even when it's scarce.

它们的血比我们的更加粘，能够很稀薄的情况下也能进行收集。

But the fact is, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen isn't always the same.

但事实是，血对的亲和力并不总是一样的。

Finally, the diagnosis is confirmed by genetic testing to look for hemoglobin gene mutations.

最后，可以通过基因检测寻找异常血基因进行确诊。