Alexei, the heir to the throne, had a life-threatening blood disease called hemophilia.

阿列克谢是王位继承人，他得了血，这是一种可能会致死血液疾。

And this deficiency is called hemophilia A (or classic hemophilia).

这种缺乏症也称作血A（甲型血）或者经典血。

In the family of disorders known as hemophilia, a patient can usually complete the first two steps of hemostasis just fine, but they can't make an effective fibrin clot.

在被称为血疾家族中，人常可以很好地完成止血前两个步骤，但是他们不能制造有效纤维蛋白凝块。

Today, we know that the doctors had prescribed aspirin, a drug that worsens hemophilia.

现今，我们知道那些医生方是阿司匹林。这种药会血恶化。

Hemophilia usually refers to inherited deficiencies of coagulation factors, which can be either quantitative or qualitative.

血常是指遗传性凝血因子缺乏症，可以是数量或者活性上缺陷。

In most cases of hemophilia there is a decrease in the amount or function of one or more of the clotting factors that makes secondary hemostasis less effective and allows more bleeding to occur.

在大多数血中，都有一种或多种凝血因子在数量上减少或功能上减弱，使次级止血过程功效下降，而出血更多。

Finally, it's best for individuals with hemophilia to avoid contact sports and medicines that promote bleeding, like aspirin.

最后对于血患者来说，最好避免接触性运动，不用促进血流药物，如阿司匹林。

An insufficient concentration or decreased activity of any coagulation factor can cause hemophilia, except factor XII deficiency which is asymptomatic.

任何凝血因子浓度不够或者活性降低都会引起血，一个例外是缺乏因子XII话，不会有相关症状出现。

Treatment for hemophilia A and B are done with injections of the missing or nonfunctional clotting factor.

治疗血A和B方法常是注射那些缺失或失活凝血因子。

Signs and symptoms hemophilia A and B are nearly clinically identical, which makes sense since factors VIIIa and IXa work together in the coagulation cascade to activate factor X.

血A和B体征和症状在临床上几乎相同，也说得，因为因子VIIIa和IXa在凝血级联反应中，共同作用以激活因子X。

The youngest of five children, he was born with hemophilia (when blood doesn’t clot).

他是五个孩子中最小一个， 生来就患有血（当血液不凝固时）。

That's  why colorblindness, hemophilia, and muscular dystrophy are much more common in human males.

这就是为什么色盲、血和肌肉萎缩症在男性中更为常见原因。

By the time HIV was discovered to be a blood-borne virus, many of those suffering from hemophilia already had it, not to mention that many also contracted hepatitis.

当人们发现HIV是一种过血液传播毒时，许多血患者已经感染上了它，更不用说还有许多人同时感染了肝炎。

Disorders that are associated with mutations of X chromosome genes, like colorblindness or hemophilia, are often less severe in individuals with two X chromosomes.

与X染色体基因突变相关疾，如色盲或血，在拥有两条X染色体个体中常症状较轻。

Okay, so a form of hemophilia that is passed down, and it unfortunately takes, I believe, both parents to pass it on.

好， 这是一种遗传性血，不幸是， 据我所知，需要父母双方共同遗传给孩子。

Now, a mimic of hemophilia A is von Willebrand disease, which is an inherited problem with primary hemostasis caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.

还有一种类血A，即血管性血，是一种遗传性初级止血障碍，由血管性血因子（vWF）缺乏引起。

He needs the fluid drained, but because of his hemophilia, I could kill him trying to save him.

他需要排出液体，但由于他患有血，我可以为了救他而杀了他。

They did and Green Cross went on to infect 1,800 people with hemophilia with HIV because they were selling them unsterilized blood clotting agents in the 90s.

他们确实这么做了，绿十字公司在90年代向1800名血患者出售未经消毒血液凝固剂，导致这些患者感染了艾滋毒。

Women with one mutated gene copy have a remaining healthy copy, so they don't get hemophilia unless X-chromosome inactivation turns off the normal copy in the majority of cells.

携带一个突变基因女性还有一个健康基因拷贝，所以她们一般不会患血，除非X染色体失活使得大多数细胞中正常基因拷贝沉默。

Another common deficiency is deficiency of factor IX, called hemophilia B (which used to be called Christmas disease, named after the first patient who had it, not the holiday).

另一种常见缺陷是因子IX缺乏症，称作血B（乙型血），以前也称作Christmas，是以第一个被报道患命名，而不是指圣诞节。