A hobbit. Are misfiring neurons in your hippocampus preventing the conversion from short-term to long-term memory?

一个霍比特人会把你大脑马状突起里神经元击碎以防止你短时忆向长时忆转，懂吗？

The problem stems from the hippocampus, the brain region responsible for memory formation.

问题出在负责形成忆大脑区域马体身上。

The medial or middle portion of the temporal lobe on the other hand along with the hippocampus is responsible for formation of new memories.

另一方面，颞叶中间部分和马体一起负责形成忆。

Well, it turns out that the same part of our brain that's thought to be involved in emotion and spatial navigation, the hippocampus, also happens to control short- and long-term memory processing.

这是马体这个大脑组织在参与控制情感和空间导航同时，也控制着短期和长期忆。

This was due to changes in their hippocampus all linked to increased levels of cortisol.

这是由于他们马体发生变，所有这些都与皮质醇水平增加有关。

Cortisol attaches to receptors on the hippocampus, which is a seahorse shaped region of your brain that is part of the limbic system.

皮质醇附着在马体受体上，马体是你大脑马状区域，是边缘系统一部分。

Others speculate that errors around the hippocampus—the brain's librarian—are to blame.

也有部分学者认起马体，而马体又被称大脑图书馆管理员。

Additionally, stress caused by anxiety produces a hormone called cortisol, and too much cortisol can hinder the ability of the hippocampus to recall memories.

此外，由焦虑引起压力会产生一种叫做皮质醇激素，过多皮质醇会阻碍马体回忆忆能力。

Now, while stress is doing that to the hippocampus, look at what it does to the amygdala, that structure important for the emotional, non-declarative memory.

压力会对马体产生这样影响，我们再来看看压力对杏仁核影响，也就是那个非陈述性情绪忆关键结构。

But we know that the most important structure for it is called the hippocampus.

但我们知道，最重要结构是马体。

Researchers think this may be due to the fact that the hippocampus shrinks as we age, which is the region of the brain that stores these types of memories.

研究人员认，这可能是由于马体会随着年龄增长而萎缩导致。马体是脑中存储这些类型回忆区域。

The hippocampus is the part of the brain that in London taxicab drivers becomes enlarged.

马体是大脑一部分，伦敦出租车司机 马体结构通常比常人要大。

Teen drinkers appear to be most susceptible to damage in two developing parts of the brain, the hippocampus, a structure responsible for learning and memory, and the prefrontal cortex, the chief decision-maker and voice of reason.

青少年饮酒者大脑两个正在发育部分最容易受到伤害，它们是负责学习和忆马状突起和主要决策和理性中心——前额皮质。

At night, one part of our brain — the hippocampus — takes whatever new information it soaked up in the day, and passes it on to other parts of the brain to be stored.

晚上，我们大脑一部分——马体——接收白天吸收所有信息，并将其传递给大脑其他部分进行存储。

So it used to be thought that memories were stored entirely in the hippocampus which is a part of the brain parallel to your ear, about the size of your thumb.

过去人们认忆全部存储在马体中，马体是大脑一部分，与耳朵平行，大约拇指大小。

But whether this is because a baby's hippocampus, a key brain region in storing such memories, is not sufficiently developed or because adults cannot recall these memories has long been an open question.

但这是否婴儿马体（存储这类忆关键脑区）发育不足，还是成年人无法回忆起这些忆，长期以来一直是个未解之谜。

This especially affects how you remember things, and there is even evidence that the part of your brain that forms long-term memory, the hippocampus, shrinks under the strain of long-term stress.

这会特别影响你忆方式，甚至有证据表明，在长期承受压力情况下，大脑中负责形成长期忆马体部分可能会萎缩。

Around the same time, John's fellow Kavli laureate, Brenda Milner, was studying a patient with severe epilepsy who had had an operation to remove a part of his brain called the hippocampus.

大约在同一时间，与约翰同获卡弗利奖布伦达·米尔纳正在研究一名患有严重癫痫病人。这名病人曾做过手术，被切除了大脑中“马体”。

The scientists found that the hippocampus, a part of the brain responsible for memory and learning, was around 12 percent larger in the fitter youngsters.

大脑马区负责忆和学习，科学家们发现体力好孩子中“大脑马区”比体力不好孩子要大12%。

For example, memories that are formed in times of heightened feeling, or even stress, will be better recorded due to the hippocampus' link with emotion.

比如，那些在情感或压力强烈时候形成忆，会更容易被录下来马体和情感之间关联。