Such are the persons who want to unchain the hydra of revolutions! --LE JOHANNISBURG, Pamphlet.

就是这样的人想要解开革命的九头蛇！--LE JOHANNISBURG，小册。

The team followed more than two thousand individual hydras for a combination of 3.9 million days.

该团队跟踪了 2000 多只单独的九头蛇，总共跟踪了 390 万天。

It was, like, kind of like the hydra's head.

它有点像九头蛇的头。

And THAT is what I have been able to do that most hydras can’t.

这就是我能够做到的，而大多数九头蛇做不到的。

No decline in fertility, or increase in mortality, was observed at any point in the hydra life cycle.

在水螅生命周期的任何时候都没有观察到生育率下降或死亡率增加。

When you see a Source hydra panel, it looks a little bit like a normal solar module, except for just a little thicker.

Source 水力板看起来有点像普通的太阳能模块，只是稍微厚了一点。

But there are a few exceptions to this get-older-and-die thing -- including, it turns out, tiny sea creatures called hydras.

但是， 这种变老和死亡的事情有一些例外——事实证明，包括被称为九头蛇的微小海洋生物。

Every cell in a hydra’s body is replaced every three to four weeks, by fresh cells produced by brand new stem cells.

水螅体内的每个细胞每三到四个星期就会被全新干细胞产生的新鲜细胞更换一次。

See, hydra bodies are really simple: one head and one foot lined up along a single body axis.

看，水螅的身体真的很简单：一个头和一只脚沿着一个身体轴排成一行。

The alignment of actomyosin fibers in the spheroid lays out a structure that gets inherited throughout the new hydra’s body.

球状体中肌动球蛋白纤维的排列构成了一种结构，该结构在整个新水螅体内得到遗传。

So these regenerated hydra were more deformed, and usually had multiple body axes – like two mouths and two feet.

所以这些再生的九头蛇更加变形，而且通常有多个身体轴——比如两张嘴和两只脚。

And hydra – the squishy tube-shaped freshwater animal, not the mythological sea serpent or Marvel villain – are really, really good at it.

九头蛇——一种柔软的管状淡水动物，而不是神话中的海蛇或漫威反派——真的非常擅长。

As far back as 1968, researchers found that hydra use neurotransmitters like glutamate to activate neurons and orchestrate eating, which sounds like something an organism with a brain would do.

早在1968年，研究人员就发现水螅会利用谷氨酸等神经递质来激活神经元并协调进食，这听起来就像有大脑的有机体会做的事情。

According to a study that came out this week from the Max Planck Institute in Germany, there’s another exception to this rule: the hydra.

根据德国马克斯普朗克研究所本周发表的一项研究，这条规则还有另一个例外：九头蛇。

And even though hydra regeneration is a little more extreme, it’s similar to how we humans heal wounds and develop as embryos.

尽管水螅的再生有点极端，但它类似于我们人类治愈伤口和发育成胚胎的方式。

And while we’re at it, maybe we should leave little notes in the hydra’s genetic code, for any future aliens who might one day find our planet.

当我们这样做的时候，许我们应该在九头蛇的遗传密码中留下一些小笔记， 以供将来有一天可能会发现我们星球的任何外星人使用。

The hydra has fascinated scientists for centuries, and when they sequenced its genome back in 2010, they discovered that it had the same number of genes as humans.

几个世纪以来， 水螅一直让科学家着迷，当他们在 2010 年对其基因组进行测序时， 他们发现它的基因数量与人类相同。

If the mortality rates observed in this study continued, that means that in 3000 years, 5% of those hydras would still be alive, if they were kept safe in the lab.

如果这项研究中观察到的死亡率继续保持下去，那就意味着在 3000 年内， 如果将这些九头蛇安全地保存在实验室中， 其中 5% 仍会存活。

On the other hand, slices of hydra shaped like closed rings didn’t fold so well, and formed spheroids with different regions of actomyosin aligned in different ways.

另一方面，形状像闭环的水螅切片折叠得不太好， 形成了不同区域的肌动球蛋白以不同方式排列的球体。

This hydra is a freshwater polyp that’s a centimeter long, and reproduces both asexually and sexually, can regenerate after it’s been cut into pieces, including being able to regenerate its ENTIRE HEAD, and, as it turns out, is pretty much immortal.

这种水螅是一种一厘米长的淡水水螅体，可以无性繁殖和有性繁殖， 在被切成碎片后可以再生，包括能够再生它的整个头部， 而且事实证明， 它几乎是不朽的。