Energy is particularly concentrated at the steep chemical gradients of hydrothermal vents.

能量特别集中在热液喷口陡峭化学梯度上。

To picture a hydrothermal vent, imagine an underwater volcano.

要想象深海热泉是什么样子，那就想象一下水下火山。

Listen to this hydrothermal vent deep under the ocean.

听一听来自深海热液喷口。

A more likely explosion at Yellowstone would be a hydrothermal eruption.

而黄石火山更有可能发是水热喷发。

One place these pioneering organisms may have emerged is at hydrothermal vents, deep underwater.

这些先驱物出现其中一个地方是深海热泉和深海。

If you ignore the plants at the edge of the craters, this is like some environments of primitive Earth, with lots of volcanic activity and hydrothermal activity.

如果你忽略陨石坑边缘植物，这就一些原始地球环境，有很多火山活动和热液活动。

" They can host all kinds of weird and wonderful life-forms, " said Chris German, a marine geochemist from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution who has spent nearly four decades hunting hydrothermal vents, as we cruised north.

任职于伍兹霍尔海洋学研究院海洋地球化学家克里斯·杰尔曼花了将近40年寻找海底热泉，在我们向北航行时，他说：“那里可能栖息各种奇怪又奇妙形式。”

Clearly, it's a plain that it's been volcanically active, and all of us are very hopefully that some places on Mars we could find hydrothermal vents.

显然地，这是个有火山活动平原，我们所有人都非常希望在火星上一些地方我们能够找到热液喷口。

Unlike hydrothermal vents, though, some underwater deposits accumulate much more subtly, such as the ones that grow on exposed ridges, plateaus, and underwater mountains left behind by extinct volcanoes.

然而，与热液喷口不同是，一些水下沉积物积累要微妙得多，例如长在裸露山脊、高原和死火山留下水下山脉上沉积物。

And so the fact that on planets, such as on Mars, where you might have hydrothermal features under some of the ice floes that might make liquid water is very exciting.

因此，在火星等行星上，在一些浮冰下面可能有水热特征，能产液态水，这让人感到非常兴奋。

Another important idea which is the one that I would subscribe to is down at the bottom of the oceans in deep-sea hydrothermal vents where you've got this continuous flow.

另一个我赞同重要观点是在海底深海热液喷口那里有持续水流。

Things like hydrothermal vents or hot springs or volcanic settings.

比如热液喷口、温泉或火山环境。

Some live in hydrothermal vents – holes in the ocean floor hundreds of metres down where there's lots of pressure and no sunlight.

一些存活于热液喷口——据海平面千米以下洞口，那里压力很大，没有光照。

Because those hydrothermal vents underneath that sea might have created a very conducive environment for life.

因为海底热液喷口可能为创造了非常有利环境。

If you could have hydrothermal vents kicking out warmth and nutrients down and near the core of Europa, and organisms would have fed off of that material just likely might have in the early Earth.

如果在木卫二地核下和附近，能够发现喷口喷出热和养分，就能哺育物，就早期地球。

The ponds of hydrothermal springs provide an ideal environment in which the chemistry of life can get started: water, heat, and chemical elements rising from under the surface.

水、热和化学元素从地表下上升。

Add to that any additional salt and minerals that would be expelled from hydrothermal vents or submarine volcanoes, and then consider that this whole process has been recurring more or less consistently for 3.8 billion years.

除此之外，还有火山口以及海底火山喷发出盐和矿物质，这一系列过程在过去 38 亿年中反复出现。

There, some two and a half miles down, the Earth heaves searing dark fluids into the sea, forming what is known as the Aurora hydrothermal vent field.

在那个地点海面下半英里处，地球将炙热黑色液体喷入海中，形成了奥洛拉海底热泉区。

MRO saw a massive 400-meter-thick deposit formed from a mineral that forms in deep-sea hydrothermal environments, such as one that might have undersea vents.

火星勘测轨道飞行器看到了一个 400 米厚巨大沉积物，由深海热液环境中形成矿物质形成，比如可能有海底喷口环境。

There's another line of evidence that points to hydrothermal vents: the Last Universal Common Ancestor of life, or LUCA for short.

最后普遍共同祖先，或简称 LUCA。