We used to have something called cost as an independent variable.

我们过去常把成本视为一个独立。

We weren't able to agree on the appropriate independent variables.

我们无法就合适自达成一致。

How did you measure your dependent and independent variables?

你如何测你因自?

Your hypothesis is that they change when the independent variable changes.

您假设是当自发生化时它们会发生化。

The factors, which we have taken as given, influence our independent variables, but do not completely determine them.

我们视为给定因素会影响我们自，但不能完全决定它们。

But you can also have variables that you believe are affected by changes in your independent variable; these are your dependent variables.

但是您可以拥有您认为受自化影响；这些是你因。

If we had speed as an independent variable, SAVE, and we measured based on outcomes, then I think that looks pretty different.

如果我们把速度为一个独立，即SAVE， 并根据成果来衡，那么我认为情况会大不相同。 这更像是执行层面。

And let's define it as the sum of 3 of these independent variables, each of them that have a standard normal distribution.

我们将它定义为这三个独立，每个都服从标准正态分布。

So we just showed you is that the variance of the difference of two independent random variables is equal to the sum of the variances.

所以我们刚刚展示是，两个独立随机差方差等于这两个方差。

And so what we're varying or the independent variable is going to be, the independent variable is going to be the amount of the enzyme.

因此，我们化或独立将是酶。

In this case, geographic location is what we call the independent variable; it’s the variable that we think is affecting the change in how people describe themselves.

在这种情况下，地理位置就是我们所说自；我们认为这是影响人们自我描述方式化。

So we have one independent variable – receiving the voucher or not – and a bunch of possible dependent variables, like earnings, education, and health outcomes.

所以我们有一个自——是否收到代金券——以及一堆可能因，比如收入、教育健康结果。

The division of the determinants of the economic system into the two groups of given factors and independent variables is, of course, quite arbitrary from any absolute standpoint.

将经济系统决定因素分为给定因素自两组，当然，从任何绝对角度来看都是相当武断。

Thus the traditional analysis is faulty because it has failed to isolate correctly the independent variables of the system. Saving and investment are the determinates of the system, not the determinants.

因此，传统分析是错误，因为它未能正确隔离系统自。储蓄投资是系统决定因素，而不是决定因素。

And since we're only taking one sum over here-- we're only taking the sum of one independent, normally distributed, standard or normally distributed variable, we say that this only has 1 degree of freedom.

因为我们这里只求了一个总——我们只是求了一个独立标准正态分布总，所以我们说这只有1个自由度。

To begin with, it may be useful to make clear which elements in the economic system we usually take as given, which are the independent variables of our system and which are the dependent variables.

首先，弄清楚我们通常认为经济系统中哪些要素是给定，哪些是我们系统自，哪些是因可能是有用。

In regression, y is the variable we want to predict (the dependent variable). In this example, y is the shear strength. x is the independent variable — in this case, the age of the propellant.

在回归中，y 是我们想要预测（因）。在此示例中，y 是剪切强度。 x 是自——在本例中是推进剂年龄。

Our independent variables are, in the first instance, the propensity to consume, the schedule of the marginal efficiency of capital and the rate of interest, though, as we have already seen, these are capable of further analysis.

我们自首先是消费倾向、资本边际效率表利率，尽管正如我们已经看到那样，这些可以进一步分析。