The functionally graded layers are inhomogeneous along the thickness direction, while the piezoelectric layer is homogeneous;both possess material orthotropy.
假设上下功能梯度层
材料参数沿厚度
化，而压电层则是
匀材料，
且它们都是正交各向异性。
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Although these studies have made progress in solving the deformation problems of shield tunnels under extreme surcharge, they generally fail to account for the inhomogeneous nature of the tunnel structure and the discontinuous deformation at joints.
尽管这些研
在解决极端加长作用
隧道的变形问题
面取得了进展，但总体上未能解决隧道结的不均匀性和节理处的不连续变形问题。
各不相同。
