The Standard Model consists of six quarks, six leptons, five known bosons and a postulated sixth, the Higgs boson (named for a Scottish scientist, Peter Higgs), plus three of the four physical forces: the strong and weak nuclear forces and electromagnetism.

6种夸克、6种轻子、5种已知玻色子和1种假设玻色子，(即希玻色子，以苏兰科学家彼得·希名字命名），加上4种物理力中3种：强核力、弱核力和电磁力。

These may be an electron and its antimatter equivalent, a positron, or two heavier leptons, a muon and an antimuon.

它们可能是一个电子和它反物质等价物，一个正电子，或者两个更重轻子，一个介子和一个反介子。

When beauty quarks decay, the daughter particles produced sometimes include a pair of what are known as charged leptons.

当美夸克衰变时，产生子粒子有时包含一对所谓带电轻子。

Excellent. We're in a race with the Finnish team to see who can correct the unification of the leptons.

太好了，我们正在和芬兰团队竞争看谁能纠正轻粒子统一性。

So they might annihilate into quarks or leptons.

所以它们可能会湮灭成夸克或轻子。

I've described the fermions, which contain the quarks and the leptons.

我已介绍了费米子，它们包括夸克和轻子。

Similar to electrons, neutrinos belong to the  lepton family of particles, meaning that they do not interact with other matter through the  strong nuclear force that binds other subatomic particles like protons and neutrons together.

与电子类似， 中微子属于轻子家族粒子，这意味着它们不通过强核力与其他物质相互作用， 而强核力是将质子和中子等其他亚原子粒子结合在一起力量。

So now inside that box, there might be one, let's say there might be one ordinary matter, like a proton or an electron, a baryon, a lepton.

现在，让我们聚焦那个盒子内部。假设里面可能存在一种普通物质，比如质子或电子，即重子或轻子。

That model, she explains, told us there were 17 building blocks of nature: six quarks, six leptons, four force-carrier particles, and the Higgs boson.

她解释说， 那个模型告诉我们自然界有 17 个组成部分：六个夸克、 六个轻子、 四个载力粒子和希玻色子。

Fermions divide into leptons, quarks and their antimatter equivalents, which are identical to normal matter but with opposite electrical charges.

费米子分为轻子、夸克和它们反物质等价物，它们与普通物质相同，但电荷相反。

So, inside the neutrons, electrons and the protons you're looking at the quarks, leptons, bosons and the Higgs.

所以， 在中子、电子和质子内部，你看到是夸克、轻子、玻色子和希粒子。

The leptoquark force that this theory posits would be able to transform quarks into leptons, and vice versa.

该理论假设轻夸克力能够将夸克转化为轻子，反之亦然。

This theory says that, at a deeper level of nature, quarks and leptons are actually the same thing.

这个理论说，在更深层次自然界中，夸克和轻子实上是一回事。

Like other leptons, muons contain a tiny internal magnet.

像其他轻子一样，μ 子包含一个微小内部磁铁。

Two of cern's detectors—atlas and cms—have recently announced hints of excesses in the production of this and other heavy fermions, notably bottom quarks and tau leptons.

cern 两个探测器——atlas 和 cms——最近宣布了这种和其他重费米子产生过量迹象，特别是底夸克和 tau 轻子。

For the forces that govern them, there is no difference between the two, an idea called " lepton universality" .

对于支配它们力，两者没有区别，一种叫做“轻子普遍性”想法。

Each successive generation is heavier than the previous leptons are similar. The lightest generation contains the electron a second heavier generation to muon the third and heaviest the towel.

每一代粒子都比前一代重，轻子情况类似。最轻一代包含电子，第二代较重是μ子，最重第三代是τ子。

That is much closer to the Fermilab measurement. The third model breaking anomaly came from an experiment called Mu1 G2. Like other leptons muons. Contain a tiny internal magnet when placed in a strong magnetic field.

这更接近费米实验室测量结果。第三个违背模型异常来自一个名为Mu1 G2实验。像其他轻子一样，μ子在置于强磁场中时会携带一个微小内部磁体。

A violation of lepton universality would be a crack in what is called the Standard Model, and therefore Nobel prizewinning stuff.

违反轻子普遍性将是所谓标准模型裂缝，因此也是诺贝尔奖得主。

One way in which these mesons decay is by the transformation of the bottom antiquark into a so-called " strange" antiquark and a pair of leptons, a different class of fundamental particle that includes electrons and their more massive cousins, muons.

这些介子衰变一种方式是将底部反夸克转变为所谓“奇异”反夸克和一对轻子，轻子是一种不同基本粒子，包括电子及其质量更大表亲介子。