So that we are using very highly sophisticated equipment, mainly the electron beam lithography.

我们是非常精密设备，主要是电子束光。

This advancement has already aided research in quantum optics and lithography.

这一进步已经帮助了量子光学和光研究。

The warning comes from ASML, the company makes lithography machines that etch circuits onto silicon wafers.

该警告来自ASML，该公司生产光机将电路蚀在硅片上。

These three-nanometer transistors are patterned using state-of-the-art extreme ultraviolet lithography.

这些三纳米晶体管最先进极紫外光进行图案化。

But older generations of such lithography tools can still be sold to Chinese buyers.

然而，较旧一代此类光设备仍可销售给中国买家。

Well, companies like Intel, Global Foundries, they invest a lot of money in the lithography.

像英特尔、格罗德这样公司，他们在光上投入了大量资金。

Printing electronics is not new; screen printing, lithography, inkjet and other processes have long been used to manufacture circuit boards and components.

印刷电子并不新鲜，屏幕印刷、平板印刷、喷绘和其他于生产电路板和元件已有很长时间。

I've worked in lithography, which is like laser etching each individual chip with the laser is huge.

我曾从事光工作，这就像巨大激光在每个芯片上进行激光蚀。

I'm reminded of a book I just finished on the story of ASML and building these lithography machines.

让我想起了我刚读完一本书，讲是ASML故事以及如何制造这些光机。

The complexity of lithography technology makes it a benchmark for a nation's industrial and technological prowess.

光复杂性其成为衡量一个国家工业和科实力基准。

Lithography machines are as vital to our era as steam engines and computers were to past industrial revolutions.

光机之于我们这个时代，就如同蒸汽机和计算机之于过去工业革命一样至关重要。

Experts compare the difficulty of creating advanced lithography machines to the challenge of developing atomic bombs.

专家将制造先进光机难度比作开发原子弹挑战。

The different parts of a lithography machine are so cutting-edge that doing it all could overwhelm one firm.

光机不同部件都非常前沿，一家公司可能难以独自完成所有这些工作。

America's export controls on chokepoint technologies have created a need for homegrown alternatives, from lithography machines to aviation-grade stainless steel.

美国对关键实施出口管制， 促中国寻求本土替代案，从光机到航空级不锈钢， 不一而足。

Canon is trying to stage a return with nano-imprint lithography, which physically stamps chip designs onto wafers.

佳能正试图通过纳米压印光实现回归，该能够将芯片设计物理压印到硅片上。

Next, the wafer goes to the lithography tool, which shines UV light through a stencil, which is technically called a photomask.

接下来，晶圆会被送到光机，该机器会通过一个上称为光掩模模板照射紫外线。

A wafer table in a lithography machine is similarly likely to miss the mark at first.

一个光机中硅片台初次运行时也很可能达不到目标。

Nikon and Canon, two Japanese firms which once led the market for lithography machines, never managed to commercialise EUV kit.

尼康和佳能这两家曾主导光机市场日本公司，始终未能将极紫外光（EUV）设备商业化。

With only one mask layer being patterned at a time, this CPU chip will undergo 80 separate visits to the lithography tool.

每次只对一个掩模层进行图案化，这块CPU芯片将需要接受80次独立光工具处理。

Today, with transistors shrunk by a factor of a thousand, ASML lithography gear is possibly the most sophisticated equipment ever sold commercially.

如今， 随着晶体管尺寸缩小了千倍，艾司摩尔光设备可能是有史以来商业化销售最复杂装备。