Proteins are macromolecules which are composed of amino acids.

蛋白质是由氨基酸组成的高分子化合物。

And we can even look at fragments within macromolecules.

我们甚至可以观察大分子中的段。

However, a few of the errors would have produced new macromolecules that were even better at reproducing themselves.

然而，一些错误会产生新的大分子，这些大分子更善于自我复制。

And we can even break apart big macromolecules and look at the fragments that are found within that.

我们甚至可以分解大分子并观察其中的碎。

They would have therefore had an advantage and would have tended to replace the original macromolecules.

因此，它们会有优势，并且会倾向于取代原来的大分子。

So phospholipid, lipids are one of those major macromolecules that we have in all living things.

因此，磷脂，即脂质，是我们所有生物体中存在的大分子之一。

And so life requires four major macromolecules.

因此，生命需四的生物大分子。

And those four major macromolecules are carbohydrates.

这四的生物大分子是碳水化合物。

Mostly these errors would have been such that the new macromolecule could not reproduce itself and eventually would have been destroyed.

大多数情况下，这些错误会导致新的大分子无法自我复制并最终被破坏。

But once the start to attach, they'll build slime around them, which is made up of a number of different macromolecules.

然而， 一旦它们开始附着， 就会在其周围构建一层粘液，这层粘液由多不同的生物大分子构成。

And those are four major macromolecules.

这些都是四大类生物大分子。

This is on biological molecules or sometimes we call those macromolecules.

这涉及生物分子，或者我们有时称之为大分子。

And there are a huge intermolecular forces within this giant macromolecule that hold it together and give it its characteristic space.

这巨大的大分子内部存在着巨大的分子间力，将其结合在一起，并赋予它特有的空间。

And I'll also talk about why carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus are important in the four major macromolecules that we have.

我还会讲解为什么碳、氮和磷在构成我们的四大生物大分子中至关重。

So let's go through those four different macromolecules.

让我们来了解一下这四不同的生物大分子吧。

But to get to it we have to go through all of the other macromolecules.

但了解它，我们必须先了解所有其他生物大分子。

Those large molecules are called biological molecules — also known as macromolecules — and everything that you eat, I hope, is at least partially made of them.

这些大分子被称为生物分子——也被称为大分子——你吃的所有东西，（我希望）至少部分是由它们组成的。

In other words nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, are just one of four different types of macromolecules.

换句话说，核酸（如脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和核糖核酸（RNA））只是四大类生物大分子中的一。

So we could say organization from the level of macromolecules all the way to organelles, cells, organs, organ systems inside our body.

因此，我们可以说，从大分子层面一直到细胞器、细胞、器官以及我们体内的器官系统，都存在着组织结构。

So they take energy from the sun in both light reaction and the Calvin Cycle to make sugars, or to make macromolecules that they can use.

因此，它们在光反应和卡尔文循环中从太阳获取能量，以制造糖类或合成它们能够利用的大分子物质。