The extraglomerular mesangial cells help with the signalling between macula densa cells and juxtaglomerular cells.

球外系膜细胞辅助斑和球旁细胞的信息传递过程。

Now there's a specialized region within the retina known as the macula.

现在视网膜内有一个特殊区域，称为黄斑。

The reason the Brass  Knuckles appear separate is that each macula is divided by towering uplands covered in ice.

指节铜套之所以显得开，是因为每个黄斑都被冰雪覆盖的高耸高地开。

Then it travels through the lens, which helps to direct the light raise into the macula, which is the back part of your retina.

然后它穿过晶状体，有助于引导光线进入黄斑，也就是视网膜的后面。

This is because the part of the occipital lobe in charge of the macula gets blood from both the posterior cerebral artery as well as the medial cerebral artery.

是因为负责黄斑功能的枕叶部同时由大脑后动脉和大脑中动脉供血。

So, in the case of hypovolemia and hypotension, the macula densa cells sense the low sodium and chloride levels and send a signal over to the juxtaglomerular cells which are located in the wall of the afferent arteriole.

因此，当血容量减少、低血压时，斑感受到钠、氯含量降低，传递信号给位于入球小动脉血管壁上的球旁细胞。