There's been a lot of research done on this and broadly speaking, they think the active surfactants in espresso are probably things like melanoidins, a protein derived, roasting byproducts.

这方面有很多研究，一般来说，他们认为浓缩咖啡中活性表面活性剂能是黑素，一种蛋白质衍生烘焙副产品。

You haven't generated enough of those melanoidins and those kind of compounds that give coffee its colour.

你还没有产生黑素和那些让咖啡有颜色化合物。

And don't forget, the colour of coffee itself comes from what are called melanoidins, like brown byproducts of roasting.

别忘了，咖啡颜色来自于一种叫做黑素物质，就像烘焙时产生棕色副产品。