When glaciers melt along the coast, rounded depressions flood with a mix of seawater and glacial meltwater, creating fertile ecosystems called fjord estuaries.
Horizontal glaciers are formed when farmers redirect glacier meltwater into channels and pipes, then carefully siphon it off into a series of basins made from stones and earth.
The meltwater enters channels that run downhill, flowing until it reaches a crop site where it bursts forth from a pipe pointing straight into the air.
Scientists in Canada say the increasing amount of meltwater from the Arctic make it more likely that viruses once locked up in the Ice could, in fact, local wildlife.
That is a problem for those who rely on meltwater from them to irrigate their crops: farmers living in the valleys above Leh, in Jammu and Kashmir, for example.
Warm, humid environments-- where they can discharge heat in steady streams of meltwater Models predict that glaciers that don't meet these conditions are more prone to surge.