Even his former mentor, Hans Kuhn, criticized Jacob's self-assembled monolayers.

甚至 Jacob 之前的导师 Hans Kuhn 都批评他的自层。

Nuzzo and Allara were also studying self-assembled monolayers at Bell Labs.

Nuzzo 和 Allara 当时在贝尔实验室也在研究自层。

Jacob had just discovered that you don't need physical pressure to create these monolayers.

Jacob 发现我们无需物理压力就能制这种分子层。

Everyone else at the lab was comfortable using Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers and they didn't want to change course.

实验室其他人用 Langmuir–Blodgett 层手，他们不想改变实验过程。

These layers formed by chemical reactions, not physical pressure, would come to be called self-assembled monolayers.

因化学反应而非物理压力产生的这种分子，会被称为“自分子”。

And he said, these are monolayers.

他说这是分子层。

Jacob's friend explained that these monolayers were formed by putting molecules in water.

Jacob 的朋友解释了将分子放入水中而形成分子层的过程。

The Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers were created by pushing a lot of molecules together and now they were stuck.

Langmuir–Blodgett 分子层是大量分子被推到一起而形成的，而现在分子彼此黏住了。

If the Langmuir–Blodgett monolayers were too compressed to reorganize, what if you didn't use them at all?

如果 Langmuir–Blodgett 层过于紧密而无法重，那么彻底不用它又会如何呢？

In normal context, this can either be a monolayer, which is only one layer of molecules, or it can be in our case for the long-surfactant, something that has multi-layers.

在正常情况下， 这可能是一层分子层，即仅由一层分子构成，或者在我们的长链表面活性剂的情况下，它可能具有多层结构。

Graphene, which consists of monolayers of carbon atoms bonded in a repeating hexagonal pattern, can be made in a number of ways, mostly by stripping flakes of carbon from mined graphite (sticky tape and pencil lead will do).

石墨烯由以重复的六边形图案结合的层碳原子成，可以通过多种方式制成， 主要是通过从开采的石墨中剥离碳薄片（胶带和铅笔芯即可）。