This is a simple sugar, or monosaccharide.

这一种结构简的，或者叫。

So simple sugars, whether they're natural or added, are mixtures of monosaccharides or disaccharides.

前述的简类，不管天然还添加，都与双的混合物。

These are maltase, sucrase, and lactase, which break down the short chains of sugars called oligosaccharides into simple sugars, called monosaccharides.

它们包括麦芽酶、蔗酶与乳酶；它们能将为寡的短链聚合分解成简类，或。

The main thing you need to know is that the monosaccharide glucose is the be-all-end-all molecular fuel that your cells need to make ATP.

你要知道的主要事葡萄你细胞制造三磷酸腺苷所的最重要的分子燃料。

Finally, there's the monosaccharide, galactose, known as milk sugar.

最后还有一种叫半乳，常与乳相提并论。

Now when you eat something like a piece of onion bread, enzymes start breaking down disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides into monosaccharides so they can be absorbed.

当你吃东西时，比方说一片洋葱面包，消化酶便开始将食物中的双、寡、多分解为，以便人体吸收。

When energy is needed - all three monosaccharides are metabolized through glycolysis, then the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

当机体要能量时，三种就会通过酵解、三羧酸循环、氧化磷酸化进行能量代谢。

Another monosaccharide is fructose which is commonly found in honey, fruits, and root vegetables.

另有一种为果，通常存在于蜂蜜、水果和根类蔬菜里。

So you have monosaccharides, which is like glucose, fructose, like the individual sugars, then you have the polysaccharides, which is like starches, like multiple molecules combined into one, two, into long chains, right?

所以你有，比如葡萄、果，就独的，然后你有多，比如淀粉，就多个分子结合成一个长链，对吧？

Glucose is the most important member of the sugar family and it's a monosaccharide.

葡萄类大家族中最重要的一员，它一种。

During digestion, your body breaks down those complex carbohydrates into their monosaccharide building blocks, which your cells can use for energy.

在消化过程中，身体将这些复合碳水化合物分解成结构元，细胞便能利用这些来获取能量。

These are what we call monosaccharides.

这些就我们所说的。

The individual monosaccharides that result from the digestion of larger carbohydrate molecules - glucose, fructose, and galactose - cross the gut lining and get into the bloodstream to get used by the body.

从大分子碳水化合物水解而来的分子（包括葡萄、果、半乳）可经肠壁吸收入血供机体利用。

But in fiber, the bonds between monosaccharide molecules are beta bonds, which your body can't break down.

但在纤维中， 分子间的连接β键，这人体无法分解的。

Different enzymes help to break different linkages - for example amylases break down large polysaccharides like starch into smaller units, whereas lactase, sucrase, and maltase break down lactose, sucrose, and maltose into their monosaccharides.

不同的消化酶能分解特定的链，比如淀粉酶可以将淀粉等多分解为小分子的，而乳酶、蔗酶、麦芽酶则分别可将乳、蔗、麦芽降解为相应的。

Monosaccharides link together through glycosidic bonding, which is when an " OH" from the carbon on one monosaccharide bonds with an " H" from the carbon of another monosaccharide.

之间通过苷键连接，即一个分子碳原子上的羟基与另一个分子碳原子上的氢原子缩合。

In the case of maltose, that leaves an alpha 1-4-glycosidic bond which is a bond between carbon number 1 of one glucose monosaccharide and carbon number 4 of the other glucose monosaccharide.

以麦芽为例，这个缩合过程形成的苷键为α-1，4苷键，即一个葡萄分子的1号碳与另一个葡萄分子的4号碳相连接。