In the presence of impurities or in a nonstoichiometric solid, free electrons or electron holes are produced as a result of “charge compensation” to neutralize the effect of charged ionic defects 。
在杂质存在的情况下,或在非化

比的固体中,为了中和带
离
缺陷所
起的
荷不平衡,便会产生自由
或

穴。



