Now, X-ray imaging of rickets and osteomalacia might show signs of decreased bone mineral density or osteopenia.

佝偻病和软症的X线检查，可能会有矿物质密度减低即质缺乏的征象。

Ok, now vitamin D deficiency is the most common cause of both rickets and osteomalacia.

好，维生素D缺乏是引起佝偻病、软症最常见的原因。

With both rickets and osteomalacia, symptoms include diffuse bone and joint pain, proximal muscle weakness, bone fragility, and increased risk of fractures with minimal trauma.

患佝偻病或软症时，会有弥漫性或关节痛、近端肌肉无力、脆，以及即使是轻微碰撞也可能导致折。

Alright, as a quick recap, rickets, and osteomalacia are conditions in which bone softening occurs due to a mineral deficiency or lack of vitamin D.

好！顾一下：佝偻病和软症即由缺乏维生素D引起的质软。

For example, rickets or osteomalacia can occur in chronic liver disease, due to the liver's inability to turn inactive vitamin D into 25-hydroxy-vitamin D.

例如，慢性肝病患者可能会患佝偻病或软症，这是因为肝脏无法将无活性的维生素D转为25-羟维生素D。

For osteomalacia and rickets, the key symptoms are diffuse bone and joint pain, proximal muscle weakness, bone fragility, and increased risk of fractures with minimal trauma.

软症和佝偻病的共同症状包括弥漫性和关节痛、近端肌肉无力、脆，及轻微外力即可引起折。

Treatment for both rickets and osteomalacia typically involves oral vitamin D supplementation and treating the underlying cause which could be any condition affecting the organs responsible for vitamin D activation.

佝偻病和软症的治疗一般包括口服补充维生素D以及治疗潜在病因，即任何可能影响机体活维生素D的情况。

If we zoom into a cross-section of an osteoporotic bone, it will show normal cells with normal mineralization, which differentiates it from osteomalacia where there's lack of mineralization.

如果我们放大来看质疏松的骼横截面，就能看到正常矿的细胞，这让它区别于缺少质矿的软症。

Most people with mild hypophosphatemia have no symptoms, but severe hypophosphatemia can cause muscle weakness, weak bones or osteomalacia, and rhabdomyolysis which is a type of kidney damage due to muscle breakdown, as well as an altered mental status.

大多数轻度低磷血症患者无症状，但严重的低磷血症会引起肌肉无力、质疏松或软、横纹肌溶解症（一种由肌肉损伤造成的肾脏损伤）以及精神状态改变。