The spinal cord is the bridge that connects the brain to peripheral nervous system.

是连接大脑和围神经系统的桥梁。

The central nervous system which includes the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system includes the nerves that fan out from the central nervous system to reach the skin, muscles, and organs.

中枢神级系统包括了脑和，围神经系统包括了从中枢发出到达皮肤、肌肉和器官的神经。

In addition to working in sympathetic ganglia like this, it's also what the rest of your peripheral nervous system and lots of your central nervous system uses to communicate.

除了像样交感神经节工作之外，它也是你围神经系统的其余部分和许多中枢神经系统用来交流的。

Aminolevulinic acid, in particular, is the most likely culprit since it could cross the blood brain barrier and affect the central, autonomic, and peripheral nervous systems.

特别是氨基乙酰丙酸，是最可能的“嫌疑犯”，因为它可以跨越血脑屏障，影响中枢、自主和外神经系统。

When nicotine binds to receptors in the peripheral nervous system, it increases blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac contractility, and gastrointestinal tract activity.

尼古丁与围神经系统的受体相结合时，会引起血压升高，心率加快，心肌收缩力增强，胃肠道蠕动增加等。

The peripheral nervous system is basically anything that is outside of the skull or outside of the spinal column.

外神经系统基本上是颅骨外或柱外的任何东西。

So in this diagram, the peripheral nervous system starts basically where these branches come off the spinal cord, and you can see more peripheral nerves in the limbs here and here.

所以张图中，围神经系统基本上从些分支离开的地方开始，你可以和看到更多的四肢围神经。

Your autonomic system is the branch of your peripheral nervous system that regulates the functions of your internal organs, like your heart and stomach, and also controls your smooth and cardiac muscles, and your glands.

你的自主神经系统是你围神经系统的分支，它调节你内部器官的功能，比如你的心脏和胃，也控制你的平滑肌和心肌，以及你的腺体。

In the peripheral nervous system, they can cause peripheral neuropathy and paresthesia which is numbness and prickling sensations, particularly in the legs and feet.

外神经系统，它可以导致外神经病变与感觉异常，比如麻木、刺痛的感觉，特别是腿和脚部。

Nerves in the peripheral nervous system can regenerate, and what happens is, let's say there's some injury to a nerve, the immune system is activated and it's kind of like New Year's Day in Times Square.

围神经系统中的神经可以再生，然后就发生了样的情况，比方说，某个神经受伤了，免疫系统被激活了，就有点像时代广场过新年。

Now, so far, your body's response to the stimulus has been handled by the sensory, or afferent, division of your peripheral nervous system.

到目前为止，你身体对刺激的反应是由感觉或传入处理的，属于你围神经系统的分支部门。

The peripheral nervous system's sensory nerve receptors spy on the world for the central nervous system, and each type responds to different kinds of stimuli.

围神经系统的感觉神经受体为中枢神经系统窥探世界，每种类型对不同种类的刺激做出反应。

Your peripheral nervous system's mechano- and nociceptors provided that base sensation, or awareness that something had changed.

你的外神经系统的机械感受器和伤害感受器提供了基本的感觉，或者说意识到某事发生了变化。

Today you got your first look at the peripheral nervous system, by learning how the afferent and efferent divisions provide information about, and responses to, pain.

今天你第一次看到了外神经系统，通过学习传入和传出部门如何提供关于疼痛的信息和反应。

It's your peripheral nervous system that keeps things real, by putting your brain in touch with the physical environment around you, and allowing it to respond.

通过让你的大脑与你围的物理环境接触，是你的外神经系统让事情保持真实，并允许它做出反应。

Your brain would be pretty useless if it weren't hooked up to the outside world. That's where the peripheral nervous system comes in, which we'll be spending the next few lessons exploring.

如果你的大脑不与外界相连，它将非常无用。就是围神经系统的来源，我们将接下来的几节课中探索它们。

Which is why we designed the system to deliberately record from the peripheral nervous system.

就是为什么我们将系统设计为故意从围神经系统记录信号。

And then we have a peripheral nervous system.

然后我们有一个围神经系统。

But the peripheral nervous system, which is all the nerves in the rest of your body, that falls into two states, the parasympathetic state, which is rest and relax and digest, and the sympathetic state, which is fright flight.

但围神经系统（即身体其余部分的所有神经）则分为两种状态：副交感神经状态，即休息、放松和消化；以及交感神经状态，即恐惧和逃跑。

But it is, what Walter Cannon goes to explain is there is a hyper-activation of the peripheral nervous system.

但瓦尔特·坎农解释说，是外神经系统的一种过度激活。