The spinal cord is the bridge that connects the brain to peripheral nervous system.

脊髓是连和围统的桥梁。

The central nervous system which includes the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system includes the nerves that fan out from the central nervous system to reach the skin, muscles, and organs.

中枢级统包括了和脊髓，围统包括了从中枢发出到达皮肤、肌肉和器官的。

In addition to working in sympathetic ganglia like this, it's also what the rest of your peripheral nervous system and lots of your central nervous system uses to communicate.

除了像这样在交感节工作之外，它也是你围统的其余部分和许多中枢统用来交流的。

Aminolevulinic acid, in particular, is the most likely culprit since it could cross the blood brain barrier and affect the central, autonomic, and peripheral nervous systems.

特别是氨基乙酰丙酸，是最可能的“嫌疑犯”，因为它可以跨越血屏障，影响中枢、自主和外统。

When nicotine binds to receptors in the peripheral nervous system, it increases blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac contractility, and gastrointestinal tract activity.

尼古丁在与围统的受体相结合时，会引起血压升高，心率加快，心肌收缩力增强，胃肠道蠕动增加等。

The peripheral nervous system is basically anything that is outside of the skull or outside of the spinal column.

外统基本上是颅骨外或脊柱外的任何东西。

So in this diagram, the peripheral nervous system starts basically where these branches come off the spinal cord, and you can see more peripheral nerves in the limbs here and here.

所以在这张图中，围统基本上从这些分支离开脊髓的地方开始，你可以在这里和这里看到更多的四肢围。

Your autonomic system is the branch of your peripheral nervous system that regulates the functions of your internal organs, like your heart and stomach, and also controls your smooth and cardiac muscles, and your glands.

你的自主统是你围统的分支，它调节你内部器官的功能，比如你的心脏和胃，也控制你的平滑肌和心肌，以及你的腺体。

In the peripheral nervous system, they can cause peripheral neuropathy and paresthesia which is numbness and prickling sensations, particularly in the legs and feet.

在外统，它可以导致外病变与感觉异常，比如麻木、刺痛的感觉，特别是在腿和脚部。

Nerves in the peripheral nervous system can regenerate, and what happens is, let's say there's some injury to a nerve, the immune system is activated and it's kind of like New Year's Day in Times Square.

围统中的可以再生，然后就发生了这样的情况，比方说，某个受伤了，免疫统被激活了，这就有点像在时代广场过新年。

Now, so far, your body's response to the stimulus has been handled by the sensory, or afferent, division of your peripheral nervous system.

到目前为止，你身体对刺激的反应是由感觉或传入处理的，这属于你围统的分支部门。

The peripheral nervous system's sensory nerve receptors spy on the world for the central nervous system, and each type responds to different kinds of stimuli.

围统的感觉受体为中枢统窥探世界，每种类型对不同种类的刺激做出反应。

Your peripheral nervous system's mechano- and nociceptors provided that base sensation, or awareness that something had changed.

你的外统的机械感受器和伤害感受器提供了基本的感觉，或者说意识到某事发生了变化。

Today you got your first look at the peripheral nervous system, by learning how the afferent and efferent divisions provide information about, and responses to, pain.

今天你第一次看到了外统，通过学习传入和传出部门如何提供关于疼痛的信息和反应。

It's your peripheral nervous system that keeps things real, by putting your brain in touch with the physical environment around you, and allowing it to respond.

通过让你的与你围的物理环境触，是你的外统让事情保持真实，并允许它做出反应。

Your brain would be pretty useless if it weren't hooked up to the outside world. That's where the peripheral nervous system comes in, which we'll be spending the next few lessons exploring.

如果你的不与外界相连，它将非常无用。这就是围统的来源，我们将在下来的几节课中探索它们。

Which is why we designed the system to deliberately record from the peripheral nervous system.

这就是为什么我们将统设计为故意从围统记录信号。

And then we have a peripheral nervous system.

然后我们有一个围统。

But the peripheral nervous system, which is all the nerves in the rest of your body, that falls into two states, the parasympathetic state, which is rest and relax and digest, and the sympathetic state, which is fright flight.

但围统（即身体其余部分的所有）则分为两种状态：副交感状态，即休息、放松和消化；以及交感状态，即恐惧和逃跑。

But it is, what Walter Cannon goes to explain is there is a hyper-activation of the peripheral nervous system.

但瓦尔特·坎农解释说，这是外统的一种过度激活。