So slavery is necessary for the life of the polis for there to be open to citizens.

因此，为了让公民有机会过上城邦生活，奴隶制是必要。

Politics, which is the business of people being together, " polis" meaning people.

治，是人聚在一起事， “polis” 就是人意思。

Most poleis were governed by rich aristocrats, who  monopolized the best lands and political power.

大多数城邦都由富有贵族统治，他们垄断了最好土地治权力。

It testifies to the active, public debate about man, language and the polis in democratic Athens.

它证明了民主雅典关于人、语言城邦积极公开辩论。

The claim is that poetry that does this will have to be excluded from a philosophically well-ordered polis.

声称这样做诗歌将不得不被排除在哲学上井然有序城邦之外。

" The end and purpose of a polis is the good life, and the institutions of social life are means to that end."

“城邦标是美好生活，社会生活体制就是为此而建立。”

For Goldhill—and we will return to this in Part 5—it is therefore striking that Aristotle barely mentions the polis in the Poetics and the civic frame of tragedy is silenced.

对于戈德希尔——我们将在第 5 部分回到这一点——因此令人惊讶是， 亚里士多德在《诗学》中几乎没有提到城邦， 而悲剧公民框架却被沉默了。

A " polis" is a Greek word meaning " city, " so the name Indianapolis means, if you will, " Indiana City, " " Indiana" coming from the word " Indian" meaning, in this case, Native Americans.

“polis” 是一个希腊词， 意思是“城市” ，所以印第安纳波利斯这个名字意思是， 如果你愿意话， “印第安纳城”，“印第安纳” 来自“印第安” 一词，在这种情况下， 意思是美洲原住民。

Eventually, the Greeks began  to trade goods such as pottery, wine, cloth, and metalwork. This newfound trade  made some citizens very wealthy – wealthy enough to challenge the aristocrats that oversaw the  polis and stage hostile take-overs in some cases.

最终，希腊人开始交易陶器、葡萄酒、布料金属制品等商品。这种新发现贸易使一些公民变得非常富有——富有到足以挑战监管城邦贵族，并在某些情况下进行敌意收购。