In postmenopausal osteoporosis, decreased estrogen levels lead to increased bone resorption.

在绝经后骨质疏松中，雌激素的发了骨吸收的增加。

Femoral neck fractures and distal radius fractures can also occur, and they're often associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

股骨颈骨折、桡骨远端骨折也时有发生，而且它们一般和绝经后骨质疏松相关。

And yet, we have this postmenopausal life stage.

然而，我们还有这个更年期后的生活阶段。

Postmenopausal women like me, not that long ago, were considered useless or crazy.

像我这样的绝经后女性，不算太久以前，都被认是无用或疯癫的。

Yes, let's hear it for postmenopausal.

是的，让我们听听绝经后的声音。

I've been postmenopausal for several years.

我已经绝经多年了。

Paying attention to heart health is vital. Postmenopausal women experience a decline in estrogen, which can increase the risk for heart disease.

关注心脏健康至关重要。绝经后女性雌激素水平下降，这会增加心脏病的风险。

I think postmenopausal, that drops all the way down from the

我认绝经后，雌激素水平会大幅下降。

And most of the time, well, I'm postmenopausal, so I'm quite comfortable, but normally I would be freezing, right?

大多数时候， 我已经过了更年期，所以感觉挺舒服的， 但通常情况下， 我会冷得发抖，对吧？

So creatine monohydrate is wonderful and particularly we're seeing a lot of benefits in women, postmenopausal women and older populations.

所以肌酸水合物非常棒，特别是我们看到它在女性、绝经后女性以及老年人群中有很多益处。

We are talking about mostly postmenopausal women, but another risk factor that we commonly see in osteoporosis is patients with chronic steroid use.

我们讨论的对象主要是绝经后女性，但另一个在骨质疏松症者中常见的风险因素是长期使用类固醇的者。

Finally, medications like denosumab, which is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits osteoclasts, and raloxifene, which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can be used for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

最后，地诺抗等药物克隆抗体可抑制破骨细胞；雷洛昔芬，一种有选择性的雌激素受体调节器，可以被用于绝经后骨质疏松。

Yeah, so the most optimistic read of this evidence is that you should just treat every postmenopausal woman with at least one dose of zelandronate.

是的，对这一证据最乐观的解读是，你应该给每位绝经后的女性至服用一剂唑仑膦酸盐。

So I think people got too focused on that metabolism side, or what I hear a lot of is from postmenopausal women, I'll hear somebody say, my metabolism dropped.

所以我认人们过于关注新陈代谢方面，或者我听到很多绝经后妇女说，我会听到有人说， 我的新陈代谢下降了。

He and other researchers said the findings could be important for orca conservation, suggesting it's just as vital to protect older, postmenopausal females as it is younger females of breeding age and their offspring.

他和其他研究人员都认这些发现可能对保护虎鲸意义重大，因研究发现保护年龄较大、绝经后的雌鲸与保护育龄的年轻雌鲸及其后代同样重要。

Unfortunately, Avenity comes with this black box warning about increased cardiovascular risk because of this signal in the ARCH trial where there was two-fold increase in major adverse cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women.

遗憾的是，Avenity附带了这一关于增加心血管风险的“黑框警告”，因在ARCH试验中，这一信号显示，绝经后妇女发生重大不良心血管事件的风险增加了两倍。

Dr. Nattrass said the study could point to some answers. It found that postmenopausal killer whales provided the biggest boost to their grandcalves' chances of survival, beyond that provided by grandmother killer whales that were still breeding.

纳特拉斯博士认这项研究可能会指向一些答案。 研究发现，绝经后的虎鲸可以最大程度提升孙辈的存活率，发挥的用超过那些仍在繁殖期的祖母虎鲸。

Dr. Nattrass said postmenopausal killer whales are able to guide their families to salmon when it's scarce, using stores of " ecological knowledge" gained over decades of life experience. Without that knowledge, Dr. Nattrass said, the grandcalves could die.

纳特拉斯博士说绝经后的虎鲸能够利用几十年生活经验中积累的" 生态知识" ，在鲑鱼稀缺的时候，指导家人捕食鲑鱼。 如果没有这些知识，虎鲸幼崽很可能难以生存。

For my patients, now, I am not quite ready to say that a patient with a normal bone density, who is in this age group, who is postmenopausal, should receive one or several doses of zoledronic acid.

对于我的者，目前我还不能断言，一位处于该年龄段、已绝经且骨密度正常的者，应该接受一次或几次唑仑膦酸治疗。

Yeah, because one group, there's a lot of different people besides postmenopausal or perimenopausal women who take hormone replacement therapy, intersex people, people who are born with ambiguous genitalia, because like we mentioned that whole amazingly intricate dance of

是的，因有一组人， 除了绝经期或围绝经期女性之外， 还有很多不同的人会接受激素替代疗法，包括间性人士和出生时就具有模糊生殖器特征的人，因我们提到过整个复杂精妙的激素舞蹈。