1.Necrotic posthitis is characterized by evertive swelling, edema and necrosis in the prepuce of feedlot steers and bulls.

1.坏死性仓皮炎以育场的公中所出现的仓皮外翻性肿胀，水肿坏死为特征。

2.Objective:To investigate the method and results of free prepuce infrabasal or bladder mucosa in the treatment of hypospadias.

2.探讨采用游离包皮内板或膜治疗尿道下裂的方法及效果。

3.Objectives To evaluate the methods and effect of using modified annularity ligation to the treatment of pediatric redundant prepuce and phimosis.

3.目的探讨改良环扎法治疗小儿包皮过长包茎的方法效果。