We would seem to always, one of us, have either the upset stomach or throwing up, and the bacteria found in our stomach, H. pylori, which makes me nauseated and painful in the stomach and vomiting.

我们似乎总是，我们中的一个，胃部不适或呕吐，而胃内的幽门螺旋杆使我恶心、疼痛呕吐。

The process of discovery began in 1983 when Barry Marshall, a doctor in Perth, Western Australia, found that many stomach cancers and most stomach ulcers are caused by a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori.

这个发现过1983年。当时，西澳大利亚州珀斯的巴里·马歇尔医生发现，许多胃癌大多数胃溃疡为一种名叫幽门螺旋杆的所致。

This type is extranodal - mostly happening in the lining of the stomach among individuals with chronic inflammation, like those with Helicobacter pylori infection, a bacteria that causes chronic gastritis.

这种类型是结外的，主要发生在慢性炎症患的胃粘膜中，比如感染了幽门螺杆的患；幽门螺杆是一种导致慢性胃炎的。

And then I got this, I went to this doctor in California who diagnosed me with H pylori, and then a fungal and a bacterial overgrowth in my small intestines.

后来我得知此事， 便前往加州找了一位医生， 他诊断我患有幽门螺杆，以及小肠内真的过度生长。

You know, 20 years ago, we thought ulcers were from eating spicy food, and then we got root cause analysis with bacteria and H. pylori.

你知道，20年前，我们认为溃疡是因为吃了辛辣食物引起的，后来通过根本原因分析， 我们发现了幽门螺杆才是罪魁祸首。

Yet H. pylori survives the acidic turmoil of the stomach with a variety of features that disrupt mucosal defense in its favor.

然而，幽门螺旋杆凭借多种特性，在胃部酸性环境的混乱中存活下来，并破坏了黏膜防御机制，使其自身受益。

That have all of these valves, the epiglottis, the gastroesophageal junction, the pylorus, the ileocecal junction, the rectum.

那些都有这些瓣膜，会厌，胃食管结合部，幽门，回盲部，直肠。

Even then, how each one of these valves, I'm fascinated by each one of the valves that we talk early on like, the gastroesophageal sphincter or the pylorus or the ileocecal junction.

甚至那时，我对我们在早期讨论的每一个阀门都感到着迷，比如胃食管括约肌、幽门或回盲瓣。

In particular, certain pain medications used to reduce inflammation in joints have been discovered to work with H. pylori to create more severe stomach ulcers.

特别是，某些用减轻关节炎症的止痛药物被发现会与幽门螺旋杆协同作用，从而引发更为严重的胃溃疡。

Dr. Marshall and Dr. Warren pinpointed a spiral-shaped bacteria called Helicobacter pylori, or H. pylori, as the real offender.

马歇尔博士沃伦博士指明了一种螺旋形，称为幽门螺旋杆或H. pylori，才是真正的罪魁祸首。

H. pylori is one of humanity's oldest and most frequent companions, having joined us at least 50,000 years ago, and now found in 50% of people.

幽门螺旋杆是人类最古老且最常见的伙伴之一，至少在5万年前就与我们结伴同行，如今在50%的人群中都能找到它的踪影。

H. pylori can make over 1,500 proteins, many of which are dedicated to maximizing its virulence.

幽门螺旋杆能制造超过1,500种蛋白质，其中许多专门用增强其毒力。