In 1856, 18-year old English chemist William Henry Perkin accidentally created a synthetic purple compound while attempting to synthesize quinine an anti-malaria drug.

1856 年，英国一位 18 岁化学家 William Henry Perkin 在合成奎宁和抗时，意外制造出一种紫色复合物。

Next time anyone went to Papeete I was going to send for some quinine.

下回有人再去帕皮提，我会叫他带些金鸡纳霜回来。”

I put quinine on Maybelle's thumb and let me tell you, Captain Butler, she stopped sucking that thumb mighty quick" . " Quinine! I would never have thought of it! I can't thank you enough, Mrs. Merriwether.

我从前给梅贝尔在大拇指上放奎宁，我说，巴特勒船长，她很快就不再吮大拇指了。" " 奎宁！我可从没想过呢？太感谢了，梅里韦瑟太太。

Runge is also notable for having been the first to isolate quinine and also for the invention of paper chromatography.

朗格还因第一个分离出奎宁和纸色谱法发明而著名。

And step 3: Administer quinine to curb the malaria.

服用奎宁来控制。

They found that out by lacing batches of cherry pollen with either table sugar or bitter quinine.

他们通过给不同批次分别含有甜蔗糖和苦奎宁樱桃花粉系上标签方法进行研究，并得到了上述结论。

1980S Scientists report the first significant resistance to the highly effective anti-malarial drug quinine.

20世纪80年代，科学家报告了首个对高效抗物金鸡纳霜产生显着耐性案例。

So how is it that you came to writing about quinine?

那么你是怎么开始写奎宁呢？

Antonio Fraser suggests he'd tried quinine in the form of kichona bark.

安东尼奥·弗雷泽暗示他曾尝试过以金鸡纳树皮形式存在奎宁。

Andrew Crump, a colleague of Ms Zakharova's, meanwhile presented a less convincing case for bumblebees being worthy of further investigation, on the basis of some experiments using sugar water as a reward and quinine as a punishment.

安德鲁·克拉姆，扎哈罗娃一位同事，则基于一些使用糖水作为奖励、奎宁作为惩罚实验，提出了一个不太有说服力理由，认为大黄蜂值得进一步研究。

So like British colonizers in tropical regions had to take the anti-malarial drug quinine, but it was so bitter, they mixed it with sugar and water, which gave us tonic water.

所以就像英国殖民者在热带地区不得不服用抗奎宁，但奎宁太苦了， 他们就把它和糖水混合在一起，这就产生了汤力水。

When I first read these theories as a student, I went into the lab and I made myself up some whopping quinine and I swallowed it.

当我第一次作为学生读到这些理论时，我走进实验室， 给自己配了一些浓度很高奎宁并喝了下去。

Quinine isn't as effective as modern antimalarial medication, and it doesn't cure the disease, but it does help moderate its effects.

奎宁不如现代抗有效，它不能治愈这种病， 但它确实有助于减轻其影响。

Quinine! I never would have thought of it.

奎宁 我才不会想到它呢。

The altered mice licked the quinine more than the unaltered mice.

改变小鼠比未改变小鼠更多地舔奎宁。

Another drug, called quinine, is a key ingredient in the treatment of malaria.

另一种物称为奎宁，是治疗关键成分。

For example, quinine, the first effective treatment for malaria, comes from the bark of an Amazonian tree.

例如， 奎宁， 第一种有效治疗方法，来自亚马逊雨林中一种树木树皮。

A breakthrough moment came in 1856 when 18-year-old British chemistry student William Henry Perkin, tasked with finding a way to synthesise quinine, accidentally made the first synthetic dye, a deep purple which he called mauveine.

1856年，一个突破性时刻到来，当时18岁英国化学学生威廉·亨利·珀金被要求寻找合成奎宁方法，却意外制成了第一种合成染料，一种深紫色染料，他将其命名为洋红色。

So, quinine was absolutely key to the British in order to have troops on the ground, not just in India, but in Africa–in different parts of the tropics.

因此，奎宁对于英国人来说绝对是关键，以便在印度和非洲热带地区不同地区部署军队。

Quinine was expensive though because it comes from the bark of a tree that grows only in Peru.

奎宁之所以昂贵，是因为它仅产自秘鲁一种树树皮。