Dr Schwartz and his team coaxed embryonic stem cells to become retinal pigment epithelium tissue which supports the rod and cone cells that actually respond to light

他的团队诱导胚胎干细胞成为视网膜色素上皮组织细胞－其中的杆细胞及锥晶细胞对光线敏感。

Although the retinal scan could get tricky...

当然视网膜扫描会有点麻烦。

We first start our with this OCT scan, then, a manual segmentation step follows, where a doctor marks up this image to show where the most relevant parts, like the retinal fluids or the elevations of retinal pigments are.

我们先从OCT扫描开始，接下来跟进的是手工挑步骤，由医生标注图片，标明哪个部分相关，比如视网膜液或视网膜色素的高度。

" We've known for decades that the more nearsighted the person is, " says Onken, " the higher the likelihood they are for losing vision when they're older, due to conditions like retinal detachment, glaucoma, macular degeneration and cataracts."

“十年来我们一直知道，人的近视程度越深，在年龄增长后失去视力的可能性就更大，这可能是视网膜剥离、青光眼、黄斑变性及白内障等多种情况引起的。”

" I know you erased my password. Probably deleted my retinal scan. But if you want to stay ahead of me, Mr. Secretary, you need to keep both eyes open."

“我知道你清了我 的所有密码。也许还删了我的虹膜扫描记录。但如果你想先我一步，秘书长先生，你得同时睁大两只眼睛。”

University of Pennsylvania researcher Dr. Jean Bennett said she and her husband, Dr. Albert Maguire, first imagined using genetic medicine to treat retinal blindness in the mid-1980s.

宾夕法尼亚大学研究员吉恩·班纳特博士（Dr. Jean Bennett）表示，在上世纪80年代中，丈夫艾伯特·马奎尔博士（Dr. Albert Maguire）最先设想到利用遗传医学治疗视网膜疾病引发的失明。

Or, with the retinal implant, you take a camera and you digitize the signal, and then you plug an electrode grid directly into the optic nerve.

或者，通过视网膜植入，拿一个相机，将信号数字化，然后把电极网格直接插入视神经。

A large angiomyolipoma can cause flank pain, a lymphangioleiomyomatosis in the lungs, can cause shortness of breath, and a retinal hamartoma can cause vision changes.

巨大的血管平滑肌脂肪瘤可引起腹痛；肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤可引起呼吸短促；视网膜错构瘤会导致视力改变。

In the eyes, Marfan syndrome is a risk factor for retinal detachment and a dislocation of the lens, which is usually in an upward direction.

在眼部症状上，马方综合征是视网膜剥离、晶状体脱位的危险因素，通常是向上脱位。

The longer those eye structures are stretched the higher the risk of disorders like myopic macular degeneration, retinal detachment… glaucoma and cataracts.

眼睛结构拉伸的时间越长，患近视黄斑变性、视网膜脱离、青光眼白内障等疾病的风险就越高。

A white reflection instead of a red one is a telltale sign of retinal cancer, and that is exactly what Noah had.

白色的反射而不是红色的反射是视网膜癌的信号，这正是诺亚出现的症状。

Black Widow finished her work at the terminal and picked up her gun again. " Retinal scanner active, " a computer voice said.

黑寡妇已经完成了在终端上的工作，重新拿起了手枪。“启动虹膜扫描。”电脑语音播报。

A clog near the eye can cause vision problems and retinal detachment.

眼睛附近的堵塞会导致视力问题视网膜脱离。

Starting in 2016 DeepMind, a British firm bought by Google in 2014, used data from Britain's National Health Service (nhs) to create diagnostic tools, in one case training an ai algorithm to detect retinal diseases.

自2016年起， 深度思维（DeepMind）， 这家于2014年被谷歌收购的英国公司，利用英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）的数据开发诊断工具， 其中一例是训练人工智能算法检测视网膜疾病。

Duchamp said that art should not be retinal, existing only for the purpose of aesthetic and ocular beauty, and that Manet marked the height and the end of retinal art.

杜尚说艺术不应该是视网膜的， 只为审美视觉美而存在，而马奈则标志着视网膜艺术的高度终点。

But this is not the whole story, because only fairly recently, only in the early 2000s, another type of cell has been discovered, and we call them retinal ganglion cells.

但这还不是全部的故事， 因为直到最近，也就是21世纪初， 另一种类型的细胞才被发现，我们称之为视网膜神经节细胞。

At just three years old Ben Underwood lost his sight when retinal cancer ravaged both of his eyes and they had to be surgically removed.

年仅三岁的本·安德伍德因双眼视网膜癌肆虐而失明，不得不通过手术将其摘。

1961. In the US, a laser is used by Charles Campbell to destroy a retinal tumour, and by Leon Goldman to treat a melanoma.

1961年。 在美国， 查尔斯·坎贝尔使用激光摧毁视网膜肿瘤，而莱昂·戈德曼则用它来治疗黑色素瘤。

It's believed myopia also makes them susceptible to secondary eye conditions such as glaucoma, retinal detachment and other visual impairments later in life.

据信，近视还会使他们在以后的生活中容易患上青光眼、视网膜脱离其他视力障碍等继发性眼病。

So you mentioned there are about 20 different types of these retinal ganglion cells, what we may refer to in brief as RGCs.

所以你提到大约有20种不同的这类视网膜神经节细胞，我们简称为RGCs。