As we saw with bureaucratic ritualism and alienation, rational systems are often unreasonable, impersonal.

正如我们在仪式化中看到，理性系统往往是不合理、非个人化。

One thing that she points to as a driving force of the failure for there to be improvement in this area is what she calls ritualism.

她指出，导致这一领域改进失败一个原因是她所说仪式。

And that focus on rules leads to another kind of inefficiency: bureaucratic ritualism.

而这种对规则重视导致了另一种低效率：仪式。

Merton called this ritualism, a deep devotion to the rules because they are the rules.

默顿称之为仪式，这是一种对规则深深 devotion，仅仅因为它们就是规则。 注：这里 " devotion" 保持不变，因为它在上下文中指是“执着”或“忠诚”，而不是需要翻译成中文习惯用语或俚语。但如果需要更自然表达，可以将其翻译为“执着”或“忠诚”。