From seedless watermelons, to bean plants that can survive frigid winters, to regular ol' broccoli, so much of what we find in the produce section we've altered in one way or another.

从无籽西瓜，到能在寒冷冬天存活豆物，再到普通西兰花，我们在农品区找到很多东西都被我们以这样或那样方式改变了。

I mean the breadfruit tree, which is quite abundant on Gueboroa Island, and there I chiefly noted the seedless variety that in Malaysia is called rima.

我说是面包树，在格波罗尔岛上，这种树非常多，我特别留心那没有核仁一种，马来亚语管它叫利马。

Another type of seedless vascular plant is ferns, also known as monilophytes.

另一种无籽维管物是物，也被称为单物。

Although many of the early seedless vascular plants have gone extinct, you can still find some of them growing today.

虽然许多早期无籽维管物已经灭绝了，但你仍然可以现它们中一些在今天长。

Well, the bryophytes and seedless vascular plants were some of the first plants to arise from that event — and many of them still exist today!

苔藓物和无籽维管物是第一批从那次事件中物，其中许多今天仍然存在！

Having a dominant sporophyte introduced lots of advantages — like, while the spore-making generation of a bryophyte couldn't grow very far off the ground; the sporophytes of seedless vascular plants could grow much taller and larger, with more room for spore-producing organs.

拥有一个优势孢子体带来了很多好处——比如，苔藓物孢体不能长得离地面很远；而无籽维管物孢子体可以长得更高更大，有更多空间容纳孢器官。

We're talking bryophytes and seedless vascular plants, the categories that include mosses and ferns, liverworts, and more.

我们说是苔藓物和无籽维管物，这物包括苔藓、、苔等。

As you can tell, bryophytes and seedless vascular plants are not simply low-to-the-ground lurkers.

正如你所知，苔藓物和无籽维管物并不是简单地下潜伏者。

Add cubed seedless watermelon to your blender.

将去籽西瓜块加入搅拌机中。

You can find that in the seedless grapes sometimes.

有时您可以在无籽葡萄中找到这一点。

On top of that, seedless vascular plants — and all plants that evolved after them — have a dominant sporophyte, meaning that what we tend to recognize as the plant is actually its sporophyte generation.

最重要是，无籽维管物——以及在它们之后进化所有物——都有一个显性孢子体，这意味着我们倾向于认为物实际上是它孢子体一代。

All right, and then the secret weapon in the world of seedless pepper flakes, this is a Turkish maras biber.

好吧， 然后是无籽胡椒片世界秘密武器，这是土耳其 maras biber。

" " No stranger than that Luther Burbank who was born on a farm in Massachusetts should have produced a seedless orange or that Henry Ford who was born on a farm in Michigan should have invented a Tin Lizzie." " But those are practical things.

“ ”更奇怪是，出在马萨诸塞州农场路德·伯班克 （Luther Burbank） 应该出无籽橙子，或者出在密歇根州农场亨利·福特 （Henry Ford） 应该明一种罐头橙子。”“但这些都是实际事情。

Cultivated bananas were selected long ago to be all flesh and no seed, thereby inspiring modern agricultural scientists to develop seedless oranges, grapes, and watermelons as well.

很久以前，人们就选择了全肉无籽栽培香蕉，从而启现代农业科学家开无籽橙子、葡萄和西瓜。

And they don't contain vascular tissue, the water and transport system found in all other plants, which developed later with seedless vasculars.

它们不含维管组织，这是所有其他物中现水和运输系统，这些物后来展出无籽维管。

While size and tastiness are the most obvious criteria by which human hunter-gatherers select wild plants, other criteria include fleshy or seedless fruits, oily seeds, and long fibers.

虽然大小和味道是人狩猎采集者选择野物最明显标准，但其他标准还包括肉质或无籽水果、油性种子和长纤维。

Next time, we'll be using these tools to uncover the history of plants, starting with bryophytes and seedless vascular plants, some of the earliest plants on Earth.

下节课，我们将用这些工具来揭开物历史，从苔藓物和无籽维管物开始，它们是地球上最早物。

Some mutant individuals developed fruit without even having to be pollinated, resulting in our seedless bananas, grapes, oranges, and pineapples.

一些突变体甚至不需要授粉就能长出果实，从而了无籽香蕉、葡萄、橙子和菠萝。

So, bryophytes and seedless vasculars can tell us a lot about how plants evolved over time, like how an older relative can tell you what life was like before cell phones or the Internet, or microwave popcorn.

所以，苔藓物和无籽维管物可以告诉我们很多关于物如何随着时间进化信息，就像一个年长亲戚如何告诉你在手机、互联网或微波爆米花出现之前活是什么样子。

So, a few hundred million years later, a cousin of the bryophytes showed up, Seedless Vascular Plants forming another branch on the plant family tree: seedless vascular plants.

因此，几亿年后，苔藓物表亲无籽维管物出现了，形成了物家族树另一个分支：无籽维管物。