Other solutes, like salts or even sugar substitutes, are often better dissolved than sugar, and are in lower concentrations in food and drink, so they don't cause as much fluid to rush through the dentin.

其他质，如盐甚至糖替代品，通常比糖解性更好，而且在食物和饮料中浓度较低，所以它们不会导致那么多液体冲过牙本质。

Plasma is actually 90 percent water, but the other 10 percent is chock full of 100 different solutes, including proteins, electrolytes, gases, hormones, and waste products.

血浆中 90% 是水，但另外 10% 充满了 100 种不同质，包括蛋白质、电解质、气体、激素和废物。

Oncotic pressure results from the the inability of solutes like large proteins - albumin for example - to move across through the capillary.

胶体渗透压是由不能穿过毛细血质产生，像是大分子量蛋白质，比如白蛋白。

Those crystals then act as a nidus, or place where more solutes can deposit and over time it builds up a crystalline structure.

然后这晶体作为一个“巢”，越来越多质将会在此累积，随着推移，逐渐构建成一个晶体结构。

As more water is retained, it dilutes the other solutes floating around in our blood, like sodium.

随着水分在体内不断蓄积，血液中其他质也被稀释，比如钠离子。

In general, when certain solutes become too concentrated in the solvent, they become supersaturated.

一般来说，当质在剂中过于浓缩，会过饱和。

To help understand this, remember that glucose is a polar molecule that cannot passively diffuse across cell membranes, which means that it acts as a solute.

想要了解这个原理，要记得葡萄糖是极性分子，不能被动穿过细胞膜，这意味着它是作为一种质。

The most of abundant of these solutes are electrolytes — which you may have heard of as the secret ingredient in sports drinks.

这质中最多是电解质——你可能听说过它是运动饮料秘密成分。

Or, in official terms, from the side with a lower concentration of solutes to one with a higher concentration.

或者，用更正式一点话说，从质浓度较低一侧到浓度较高一侧。

That snack touching the outside of your exposed dentin has highly concentrated solutes in the form of sugar molecules.

那接触到你暴露牙本质外部零食含有高度集中糖分子形式质。

Now, urine's a combination of water, which acts as a solvent, and all sorts of particles, or solutes.

尿液由水和各种颗粒组成，水是剂，颗粒为质。

But when measured by weight, the bulk of the solutes in your blood are really the plasma proteins.

但是如果以重量来衡量，你血液中大部分质实际上是血浆蛋白质。

Alright, as a quick recap, nephrolithiasis is the formation of kidney stones, which form when solutes precipitate out into crystals in the urine.

得！快速回顾一下：nephrolithiasis是指有肾结石形成；肾结石在质于尿液中沉淀成晶体形成。

Urinary supersaturation of certain solutes results in precipitation out of the solution and formation of crystals.

尿液中某质过饱和后会从液中析出，形成结晶。

Kidney stones form when solutes in the urine precipitate out and crystalize, and although these most commonly form in the kidneys themselves, they can also form in the ureters, the bladder, or the urethra.

当尿液中质析出、结晶会形成肾结石，它们大多在肾脏中形成，但在输尿、膀胱、尿道中也可形成。

And this is called forced diuresis and it essentially overwhelms the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron with so much fluid that it's unable to effectively reabsorb solutes, including phosphate.

这叫强迫利尿，它会使近曲小充盈大量液体，以至于不能有效地重新吸收质，包括磷酸盐。

In our case, a mole of hydrogen peroxide weighs 34.014 grams. The number of moles of solute that are in a solution is known as it's molar concentration, that's also known as a solution's molarity.

在我们例子中，一摩尔过氧化氢质量是34.014克。 液中质摩尔数被称为摩尔浓度， 也就是液摩尔浓度。

So the function of these endothelial cells is to regulate vascular tone and to regulate solute exchange and extravasation or transport of molecules across that endothelial layer.

因此，这内皮细胞功能是调节血张力以及调节质交换和外渗，或者说是分子穿过该内皮层运输。

So before we can dilute this formula, first we have to figure out how many moles of solute, of hydrogen peroxide, we're working with here.

所以在我们稀释这个公式之前，首先我们必须弄清楚我们在这里使用质， 过氧化氢摩尔数。

Remember we measure the concentration of a solution using molarity, which is going to be the moles of solute in liters of total solution.

记住，我们用摩尔浓度来测量液浓度，也就是总液中质摩尔数（以升为单位）。