And so that's just another idea on how fast speciation can occur.

因此，这仅仅是关于成速度的另一观点。

So we want to turn to talk to speciation.

所以我们想转向讨论成。

There hasn't been any, like, new speciation since we started formally distinguishing different bird species.

我们开始正式区分不同鸟类以来，没有生新的成。

It drives a lot of that diversity, both in speciation and in morphological diversity.

它推动了成和态多样性方面的大量差异。

Speciation is the process by which new species form, often when populations separate and evolve differently.

成是指新成的进程，通常生在群分离独立演化的情况下。

And so being able to have a precise chronometer we can relate things like speciation events, or dispersals of various life forms.

我们可以通过一个精确的时钟将事件关联起来，比如起源或生命式的分散等。

Now if we put that aside, there's been a debate going on over the actual rate of speciation.

现在，让我们暂时放下这个话题，关于成的实际速率，学界一直存在争议。

But what we do know about speciation is it starts with reproductive isolation.

但我们所了解的成过程始于生殖隔离。

The belief that through time, so if we put t in this direction, speciation occurs gradually over time.

人们普遍认为， 随着时间的推移， 如果我们沿着这个方向放置时间（t），成是逐渐生的。

This video is on speciation and extinction.

本视频探讨的是成与灭绝。

But essentially in speciation you go from one species to two.

但本质上，在成过程中，一个会分化成两个。

And kind of the cool thing is that they keep changing, and their rate of speciation is really pretty incredible.

其中相当酷的一点是，它们持续不断地变化，其成的速率确实非常惊人。

This is on reproductive isolation and speciation.

本文探讨的是生殖隔离与成。

The role of allopatry, species interactions, and other processes in driving speciation is a prime interest of today's guest, Trevor Price.

异域分布、相互作用及其他过程在推动成中的作用，是今天嘉宾特雷弗·普赖斯的主要研究兴趣。

So there are two things kind of in play with speciation and extinction.

因此，在成和灭绝过程中，有两方面因素在起作用。

I worked on the problem of speciation or the origin of species, which is, of course, the title of Darwin's 1859 book.

我研究过成或起源的问题，这当然是达尔文1859年那本书的书名。

But as that environment changes it can force speciation and that environment can also force extinction.

然而，随着环境的变化，它可能促使成，同时也可能导致灭绝。

And so there's this play between evolution, environment, and then speciation and extinction.

因此，进化、环境与成和灭绝之间存在着一互动关系。

So let's start with speciation and let me give you a real example of that.

那么，我们从成开始，让我给你一个真实的例子。

Today on Big Biology, we talk with Trevor about his research on speciation in birds and the evolution of reproductive isolation and incompatibilities.

在今天的“大生学”节目中，我们与特雷弗探讨了他关于鸟类成、生殖隔离及不兼容性进化的研究。