I mean just like you see a lot of speciation on Islands, these plastic wraps are essentially little islands and they're going to be long-term Islands because that plastic degrades so slowly.

我的意思是，就像你岛屿上看到的许多一样，这些塑料薄膜本质上是小岛，它们将是长期的岛屿，因为塑料降解得。

Who knows? I mean just like you see a lot of speciation on Islands, these plastic wraps are essentially little islands and they're going to be long-term Islands because that plastic degrades so slowly.

谁知道呢？我的意思是，就像你岛屿上看到的许多一样，这些塑料薄膜本质上是小岛，它们将是长期的岛屿，因为塑料降解得。

It's possible that evolution is actually working on overdrive here near the equator, the speciation, the creation of new species by various natural forces, actually happens faster near the equator.

赤道附近，进化可能加进行，需要多因素共同促成的新赤道附近能更快出现。

And so being able to have a precise chronometer we can relate things like speciation events, or dispersals of various life forms.

我们可以通过一个精确的时钟将各事件关联起来，比如起源或各生命形式的分散等。

There hasn't been any, like, new speciation since we started formally distinguishing different bird species.

自我们开始正式区分不同鸟类以来，并没有发生新的形成。

It drives a lot of that diversity, both in speciation and in morphological diversity.

它推动了形成和形态多样性方面的大量差异。

I worked on the problem of speciation or the origin of species, which is, of course, the title of Darwin's 1859 book.

我研究过形成或起源的问题，这当然是达尔文1859年那本书的书名。

And kind of the cool thing is that they keep changing, and their rate of speciation is really pretty incredible.

其中相当酷的一点是，它们持续不断地变化，其形成的率确实非常惊人。

Speciation is the process by which new species form, often when populations separate and evolve differently.

形成是指新形成的进程，通常发生群分离并各自独立演化的情况下。

And we're eventually going to end up with two species where that process is called speciation.

最终，我们将得到两个，这一过程被称为形成。

The role of allopatry, species interactions, and other processes in driving speciation is a prime interest of today's guest, Trevor Price.

异域分布、相互作用及其他过程推动形成中的作用，是今天嘉宾特雷弗·普赖斯的主要研究兴。

Now if we put that aside, there's been a debate going on over the actual rate of speciation.

现，让我们暂时放下这个话题，关于形成的实际率，学界一直存争议。

Today on Big Biology, we talk with Trevor about his research on speciation in birds and the evolution of reproductive isolation and incompatibilities.

今天的“大生学”节目中，我们与特雷弗探讨了他关于鸟类形成、生殖隔离及不兼容性进化的研究。

And so if we look on this tree of life, each of these branch points here would be an area of speciation.

因此， 如果我们观察这棵生命之树，这里的每一个分支点都代表着形成的区域。

And so there's this play between evolution, environment, and then speciation and extinction.

因此，进化、环境与形成和灭绝之间存着一互动关系。

So we want to turn to talk to speciation.

所以我们想转向讨论形成。

And so that's just another idea on how fast speciation can occur.

因此，这仅仅是关于形成度的另一观点。

And so, in life we go from that first common ancestor of all life but we've gotten a diversity of life through speciation.

因此，生命历程中，我们从所有生命的共同祖先出发，通过形成，演化出了生命的多样性。

The belief that through time, so if we put t in this direction, speciation occurs gradually over time.

人们普遍认为， 随着时间的推移， 如果我们沿着这个方向放置时间（t），形成是逐渐发生的。

But essentially in speciation you go from one species to two.

但本质上，形成过程中，一个会分化成两个。