Male users may experience sperm cell abnormalities and decreased sperm count.

男性服用者可能会出现精细胞异常并且减少精量。

Most epigenetic marks are erased when egg and sperm cells are formed.

当和精细胞形成时， 表徵遗传的标记会被去除。

So an egg cell must be fertilized by a sperm cell to form two full sets of chromosomes.

因此，细胞必须由精受精才能形成两套完整的染色体。

Basically, one of its ovaries started producing spermatocytes, the precursors to sperm cells.

基本上，它的一个巢开始产生精母细胞，精细胞的前体。

And his discoveries of blood cells, sperm cells, parasites and bacteria were altogether extraordinary.

他对血细胞、精细胞、寄生和细菌的发现都是非同寻常的。

Well, why wouldn't the DNA of the sperm cells and the egg

那么，为什么精细胞和的 DNA 不可以呢？

Now, if an egg cell combines with any of these sperm cells that have the missing chromosome, then you get Turner syndrome.

现在，如果一个细胞与这些缺少染色体的精细胞中的任意一个结合，就会造成特纳综合征。

Babies start to grow in the womb when a sperm cell meets an egg and fertilises it.

当精细胞与遇并使其受精时，婴儿就开始在宫中生长。

Sperm cells were believed to be inert carriers of DNA, so scientists just...never really looked into it.

精细胞被认为是 DNA 的惰性载体， 所以科学家们只是… … 从未真正研究过它。

The wind or a pollinator carried pollen from the flower of one of its parents to the other, where a sperm cell fertilized an egg.

风或者传粉的昆把花粉从亲本植株中的一棵带到另一棵，在那里精细胞使受精。

And what if you replaced that mutated gene before an embryo even developed -- like, in an egg or sperm cell?

如果你甚至在胚胎发育之前就替换了那个突变基因——比如在或精细胞中？

When the sperm cell from your father which carries an 'X' or a 'Y' chromosome fuse with the egg from your mother, which carries an 'X' chromosome.

这时，一个来自父亲的，携带“X”或“Y”染色体精会和来自母亲的，携带一个“X”染色体的结合。

In order to package up half the chromosomes into either a sperm cell or an egg cell, you actually start with a single cell that has 46 chromosomes.

为了将一半的染色体打包装进精或细胞中，你其实是从一个具有46条染色体的体细胞开始的。

By definition, when biologists talk about this, animals that are males have a little sex cell, which carries genes and nothing else – sperm cells.

根据定义，当生物学家谈论这一点时，雄性动物有一个小性细胞，它携带基因， 而不携带其他东西——精细胞。

First, they all start as single-celled zygotes — made from a sperm cell and egg cell combo — that become multicellular embryos: the tiny beginnings of roots, stems, and leaves.

首先，它们都是从单细胞受精开始的——由精细胞和细胞组合而成——然后变成细胞胚胎：根、茎和叶的微小开端。

Some of the only parts of the body whose motions aren't governed by the muscular system are sperm cells, the hair-like cilia in our airways, and certain white blood cells.

而在我们身体的某些部分，动作不是由肌肉系统控制的，它们包括精细胞，我们气道里的丝状纤维，还有某些白细胞。

We also know that they’re inherited, but for a long time, geneticists thought that sperm cells were too small to contain both the genome AND the epigenetic information of the donor.

我们也知道它们是遗传的， 但很长一段时间以来，遗传学家认为精细胞太小而无法包含供体的基因组和表观遗传信息。

Normally, each egg and sperm cell contains 23 chromosomes, and, when they unite, 23 pairs or 46 in total. Occasionally, an accident occurs when the egg or sperm cell is forming, creating an extra chromosome number 21.

正常情况下，每个和精细胞包含 23 条染色体，当它们结合时，共有 23 对或 46 条染色体。偶尔，当或精细胞形成时会发生意外，从而产生额外的 21 号染色体。