The pattern of fracture by impact penetration test and tensile fatigue test of thermite welding with stereoscan was observed,and the component of defect with energy spectrum was analyed.

缺陷主要包括孔和夹杂,其中孔由气孔和缩孔组成,夹杂物按形态和尺团簇状夹杂、锥状夹杂、粒状夹杂、积聚物夹杂、丝状夹杂和混合形夹杂。