Lakoff and Johnson in their Metaphors We Live By of 1980 explicitly criticized the idea that meaning is objective, arguing that neither objectivism nor subjectivism is adequate to account for human language understanding.

莱可夫和约翰逊在他们 1980 年的《我们赖以生存的喻》中，明确批判了意义是观的这种观点。他们，观主义和主观主义都不足以解释人类语理解。