Fructose, corn syrup, fruit-juice concentrate, malt syrup, sucrose, molasses, dextrose, and glucose are all sugars.

果糖，玉米糖浆，果汁精，麦芽糖，糖，糖蜜，葡萄糖都是糖。

People can come to crave narcotics, alcohol, and something like sucrose.

们可能会滥用麻醉剂、酗酒或者无节制地吃糖。

In other words, the bacteria are not using fructose and sucrose as food.

换句话说，这些细菌不会将果糖和糖当作食物。

Link two of them together, and you've got a disaccharide, lactose, maltose, or sucrose.

将两者连接起来，你就得了双糖——乳糖、麦芽糖或糖。

Many are carbohydrate-based, with added sugars like fructose, glucose, and sucrose.

碳水化合物含量通常很高，添加了果糖、葡萄糖和糖等糖。

Lactose is all the way down at 0.16, so you'd need six times as much lactose to get the same sweetness that any amount of sucrose will give you.

乳糖一直下降 0.16，因此您需要六倍的乳糖才能获得与任何数量的糖相同的甜度。

" That sugars, particularly highly refined sucrose, produce peculiar physiological effects is well known, " wrote Sidney Mintz, whose 1985 book Sweetness and Power is one of two seminal English-language histories of sugar.

西德尼·明茨在1985年出版的《甜蜜与力量》一书中写道：“众所周知，糖，尤其是高度精炼的糖，会产生特殊的生理效应。”

Because they're on the pellicle of the teeth, these bacteria come into contact with sucrose, a sugar found in various foods and drinks including table sugar.

因为它们位于牙齿表面薄膜，会很容易接糖，很多食物和饮料中都含糖。

Some bacteria ferment sucrose, and that produces lactic acid as a byproduct.

有一些细菌可以发酵糖，并有副产物乳酸产生。

But now what our work actually shows is that both fructose and sucrose do make it to the colon where the microbiota exist.

“但现在我们的研究实际上表明，果糖和糖确实会进入结肠，而那里存在微生物群。

Table sugar, sucrose, is made up of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.

餐桌糖，糖，是由一个分子的的葡萄糖和一个分子的果糖组成的。

There's a scale for measuring sugar sweetness that rates sucrose from a table sugar at one.

有一种用于测量糖甜度的量表，它将食糖中的糖评分为 1。

If sucrose is metabolized anaerobically - without oxygen - lactic acid builds up, and it can quickly lower the pH on the enamel surface to below 5.5.

如果糖进行无氧代谢，乳酸将会堆积，牙釉质表面的pH值将会迅速降低5.5以下。

They will contain electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Many are carbohydrate-based, with added sugars like fructose, glucose and sucrose.

运动饮料含有钠、钾、钙和镁等电解质，碳水化合物含量通常很高，添加了果糖、葡萄糖和糖等糖。

For example, in honey 50% of the sugar is fructose, 44% is glucose, 4% is galactose, 2% is maltose; whereas in maple syrup less than 1% of the sugar is fructose, 3% is glucose, and 96% is sucrose.

举个例子，蜂蜜中含有50%的果糖、44%的葡萄糖、4%的半乳糖与2%的麦芽糖；而枫糖浆中，果糖的含量不1%，葡萄糖仅占3%，其余的96%都是糖。

Finally, sucrose has an alpha 1-2-glycosidic bond, meaning that carbon 1 of glucose and carbon 2 of fructose are bonded.

最后，糖中的糖苷键是α-1，2糖苷键，即葡萄糖分子的1号碳与果糖分子的2号碳相连。

Different enzymes help to break different linkages - for example amylases break down large polysaccharides like starch into smaller units, whereas lactase, sucrase, and maltase break down lactose, sucrose, and maltose into their monosaccharides.

不同的消化酶能分解特定的糖链，比如淀粉酶可以将淀粉等多糖分解为小分子的糖，而乳糖酶、糖酶、麦芽糖酶则分别可将乳糖、糖、麦芽糖降解为相应的单糖。

When we consume sucrose our body separates it into separate units of glucose and fructose.

当我们摄入糖时，我们的身体会将其分离成单独的葡萄糖和果糖单位。

In this case this could be sucrase, or excuse me, sucrose which is sugar.

在这种情况下, 这可能是糖, 或者请原谅我, 糖是糖。

Simple sugars… like those in high fructose corn syrup or the table sugar formally known as sucrose… were thought to be absorbed in the small intestine, so a lot of our gut bacteria would never actually be exposed to them.

单糖… … 如高果糖玉米糖浆中的糖或正式称为糖的食糖… … 被认为会被小肠吸收，因此我们的许多肠道细菌实际上永远不会接它们。