Fructose, corn syrup, fruit-juice concentrate, malt syrup, sucrose, molasses, dextrose, and glucose are all sugars.

果，玉米浆，果汁精，，蔗，蜜，葡萄都是。

People can come to crave narcotics, alcohol, and something like sucrose.

人们可能会滥用麻醉剂、酗酒或者无节制地吃。

In other words, the bacteria are not using fructose and sucrose as food.

换句话说，这些细菌不会将果和蔗当作食物。

Link two of them together, and you've got a disaccharide, lactose, maltose, or sucrose.

将两者连接起来，你就得到了双——乳、或蔗。

Many are carbohydrate-based, with added sugars like fructose, glucose, and sucrose.

碳水化合物含量通常很高，添加了果、葡萄和蔗等。

Lactose is all the way down at 0.16, so you'd need six times as much lactose to get the same sweetness that any amount of sucrose will give you.

乳一直下降到 0.16，因此您需要六倍乳才能获得与任何数量蔗相同。

" That sugars, particularly highly refined sucrose, produce peculiar physiological effects is well known, " wrote Sidney Mintz, whose 1985 book Sweetness and Power is one of two seminal English-language histories of sugar.

西德尼·明茨在1985年出版《蜜与力量》一书中写道：“众所周知，，尤其是高精炼蔗，会产生特殊生理效应。”

Because they're on the pellicle of the teeth, these bacteria come into contact with sucrose, a sugar found in various foods and drinks including table sugar.

因为它们位于牙齿表面薄膜，会很容易接触到蔗，很多食物和饮料中都含蔗。

Some bacteria ferment sucrose, and that produces lactic acid as a byproduct.

有一些细菌可以发酵蔗，并有副产物乳酸产生。

But now what our work actually shows is that both fructose and sucrose do make it to the colon where the microbiota exist.

“但现在我们研究实际上表明，果和蔗确实会进入结肠，而那里存在微生物群。

Table sugar, sucrose, is made up of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.

餐桌，蔗，是由一个分子葡萄和一个分子果组成。

There's a scale for measuring sugar sweetness that rates sucrose from a table sugar at one.

有一种用于测量量表，它将食中蔗评分为 1。

If sucrose is metabolized anaerobically - without oxygen - lactic acid builds up, and it can quickly lower the pH on the enamel surface to below 5.5.

如果蔗进行无氧代谢，乳酸将会堆积，牙釉质表面pH值将会迅速降低到5.5以下。

They will contain electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Many are carbohydrate-based, with added sugars like fructose, glucose and sucrose.

运动饮料含有钠、钾、钙和镁等电解质，碳水化合物含量通常很高，添加了果、葡萄和蔗等。

For example, in honey 50% of the sugar is fructose, 44% is glucose, 4% is galactose, 2% is maltose; whereas in maple syrup less than 1% of the sugar is fructose, 3% is glucose, and 96% is sucrose.

举个例子，蜂蜜中含有50%果、44%葡萄、4%半乳与2%；而枫浆中，果含量不到1%，葡萄仅占3%，其余96%都是蔗。

Finally, sucrose has an alpha 1-2-glycosidic bond, meaning that carbon 1 of glucose and carbon 2 of fructose are bonded.

最后，蔗中苷键是α-1，2苷键，即葡萄分子1号碳与果分子2号碳相连。

Different enzymes help to break different linkages - for example amylases break down large polysaccharides like starch into smaller units, whereas lactase, sucrase, and maltase break down lactose, sucrose, and maltose into their monosaccharides.

不同消化酶能分解特定链，比如淀粉酶可以将淀粉等多分解为小分子，而乳酶、蔗酶、酶则分别可将乳、蔗、降解为相应单。

When we consume sucrose our body separates it into separate units of glucose and fructose.

当我们摄入蔗时，我们身体会将其分离成单独葡萄和果单位。

In this case this could be sucrase, or excuse me, sucrose which is sugar.

在这种情况下, 这可能是蔗, 或者请原谅我, 蔗是。

Simple sugars… like those in high fructose corn syrup or the table sugar formally known as sucrose… were thought to be absorbed in the small intestine, so a lot of our gut bacteria would never actually be exposed to them.

单… … 如高果玉米浆中或正式称为蔗食… … 被认为会被小肠吸收，因此我们许多肠道细菌实际上永远不会接触到它们。