That's thanks to something called plate tectonics.

这要归功于块构造学说。

It covered everything from the geochemistry to plate tectonics, to microscopic images of its rocks.

它涵盖了从球化学到块构造，再到岩的微观图像的所有内容。

The idea of sea-floor spreading actually preceded the theory of plate tectonics.

海床扩展说实际上早于块结构理论。

Plate tectonics created heat and pressure, that produced rock lighter than the ocean floor.

壳块运动的不断加热和挤压从海平面上升起大量岩、。

The tectonics trembled tons of stone and nearly decapitated a sculpture.

这些块撼动了数吨的头，几乎毁掉了一座雕塑。

Which means, I'm as old as plate tectonics.

这意味着，我和块构造学一样老。

But it eventually split off in a process called plate tectonics.

但它最终在一种被称为块构造的过程中分裂出来。

" Earth, with plate tectonics and water, has this easy way of making granite all the time, " says planetary scientist Matthew Siegler of the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona, who helped spot the granite on the moon.

亚利桑那州图森市行星科学研究所的行星科学家马修·西格勒帮助发现了月球上的花岗岩，他说：“球有块构造和水，一直都很容易形成花岗岩。”

While plate tectonics are the dominant mechanism for generating new continental crust today, in the distant past Earth's subsurface temperatures are widely thought to have been too hot to allow plates to form.

块构造是今天形成新的大壳的主要机制，但在遥远的过去，人们普遍认为球的下温度太高，不能形成块。

Those roaming the corridors in Boston between February 13th and 15th were treated to talks on everything from plate tectonics and ancient dna analysis to gene editing and nuclear power.

2月13日至15日期间，在波士顿走廊漫步的人们聆听了从块构造和古代DNA分析到基因编辑和核能等各方面的演讲。

You know, we've really only understood plate tectonics for the last 50 or so years, and we have carbon and water and other volatiles moving between the Earth's surface and interior in this very dynamic system.

我们是在过去 50 年左右才真正了解了块构造：我们有碳、水和其它挥发性物质在球表面和内部这个非常动态的系统中移动。

So what about the interior of the Earth? Beneath the Earth's crust is the mantle, which is responsible for plate tectonics, and therefore earthquakes. Is it a solid or a liquid?

那么球内部是什么呢？在壳下面是幔，它是固态还是液态的？

If you enjoyed the video that you just watch, then I would strongly recommend their course titled " The Joy of Science, " which includes lectures on volcanic activity, earthquakes, and plate tectonics.

如果你喜欢刚看的这个视频，我向你强烈推荐他们的课程《趣味科学》，课程内容包括火山活动、震和块结构学。

That surface is notably smooth and relatively free from impact craters, which suggests it is regularly renewed by processes a bit like plate tectonics on Earth.

欧罗巴表面非常光滑，相对没有撞击坑，这表明它定期通过类似球块构造的过程进行更新。

Of course, the dinosaurs who were in charge at the time knew nothing of the theory of plate tectonics that were about to drive them apart.

当，当时主宰球的恐龙对即将把它们分隔开来的块构造理论一无所知。

To find out, scientists went to one of the few massive craters on Earth not erased by plate tectonics: the Sudbury crater in Canada.

为了找到答案，科学家前往球上未被块构造运动消除的几个大型陨坑之一——加拿大的萨德伯里陨坑。

Although many scientists were skeptical, the idea was eventually accepted and played a critical role in establishing the theory of plate tectonics.

尽管许多科学家对此持怀疑态度，但这一观点最终被接受，并在块构造理论的建立过程中发挥了关键作用。

Without tectonics, slow bubbling leaks of lava from the interior of the planet can continue in one spot for a long time.

在没有构造运动的情况下，星球内部缓慢冒出的岩浆可以在一个方持续很长一段时间。

These external forces began at the end of the Mesozoic, when plate tectonics caused the uplift of mountains in North America and Asia.

这些外部力量始于中生代末期，当时块构造造成了北美洲和亚洲的山脉抬升。

On the Moon, there are no continental plate tectonics.

在月球上没有大块运动。