In IgA nephropathy, though, there is abnormal glycosylation of these serine and threonine residues, causing them to be galactose-deficient.

在IgA肾病中，有一系列丝氨酸、苏氨酸残基异常糖基化，导致它们无法连接半乳糖。

Among these are serine and threonine residues which are O-linked glycosylated, meaning they have a sugar molecule, specifically galactose, attached to their oxygen.

其中有丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基，o链糖基化的，这意味着它们的氧上有一个糖分子，半乳糖居多。

Essential amino acids, or EAAs, are amino acids that our body needs but cannot produce on its own, and there are 9 of them: Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

基本氨基酸，简称 EAA，我们身体需要但己产生的氨基酸，其中有 9 种：组氨酸，异亮氨酸，亮氨酸，赖氨酸，蛋氨酸，苯丙氨酸，苏氨酸，色氨酸和缬氨酸。

For example, the essential amino acid, we'll just pick a brain one, tryptophan for serotonin production, or threonine for mucin production in the gut, which helps the gut lining, or, you know, take your pick, phenylalanine.

例如， 必需氨基酸，我们随便选一个， 色氨酸用于血清素的生成，或者苏氨酸用于肠道黏液的生成，这有助于保护肠壁，或者苯丙氨酸。