The most common pre-hepatic cause is portal vein obstruction, like when there's a thrombus occluding the portal vein and blocking blood flow.

最常见的肝前型病因是门静脉阻塞，例如当有阻塞门静脉血流时。

People who died from sudden cardiac death, they'll take the thrombus or the embolus that occluded that coronary artery and they basically biopsy it and they find oral bacteria in that plaque that caused the heart attack or stroke.

因突发心脏死亡而去世的人，他们会取下堵塞冠状动脉的血进行活检， 发现导致心脏病发作中风的斑块中含有口腔细菌。

He also coined the terms thrombus, a clot of coagulated blood, and embolism, when a blood clot blocks an artery.

他还造了“血” 一词，指凝结的血液块，以及“塞” 一词，当血块阻塞动脉时即发生塞。

Embolism is the mobilization of a thrombus, a clot.

塞是血、血块的活动。

What about the option of excluding the presence of a left atrial appendage thrombus right now?

现在排除左心耳血存在的可能性如何？

The major source of thromboembolism and stroke in non-valvular AFib is formation of thrombus in the left atrial appendage where flow is relatively stagnant.

非瓣膜性房颤中，血塞和卒中的主要来源是左心耳内血的形成，此处血流相对滞缓。

Therefore, he should be either initiated on anticoagulation with cardioversion deferred for at least three weeks after uninterrupted anticoagulation or evaluated to exclude the presence of a left atrial appendage thrombus.

因此，应启动抗凝治疗，并在连续抗凝至少三周后考虑心脏复律，者评估以排除左心耳血的存在。

But remember, even if thrombus is not present, the patient should have at least 4 weeks of anticoagulation after the cardioversion because of the stunning risk.

但请记住， 即便未发现血，患者在电复律后仍需至少接受4周的抗凝治疗， 以降低心房顿抑带来的风险。

Most commonly, transesophageal echocardiography is used to evaluate for left atrial appendage thrombus, although cardiac computed tomography and geography has been demonstrated to have excellent sensitivity and specificity as well.

通常情况下， 经食管超声心动图用于评估左心耳血，尽管心脏计算机断层扫描和地理定位也显示出极佳的敏感性和特异性。