However, ploughing is blamed for causing severe damage to topsoil by removing the plants that protect the soil from being blown or washed away.

然而，犁是使表层土遭受严重破坏罪魁祸首。它铲除了免于土壤遭风吹或冲刷植物。

Decades of overgrazing, climate change-induced droughts, and poor farming practices are stripping not only the Sudanian grasslands of their once fertile topsoil but hundreds of other regions like it across the world.

几十年过度放牧、气候变化引发干旱和不良耕作方式，不仅使苏丹草原失去了曾经肥沃表土，也使世界上其他数百个类似地区失去了表土。

Finally, add a layer of compost and a layer of topsoil in equal amounts.

最后，添加一层堆肥和一层等表层土。

Calm and peaceful for most of the year, the Nile used to flood annually, thereby creating, irrigating and carrying new topsoil to the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood.

在一年中部分时间里尼罗河都还算平静，过去尼罗河每年都会泛滥，从而生成、灌溉和搬运新表层土壤到附近农田——这片古埃赖以生存土地。

The island is lush with greenery again, regrowing after decades of topsoil mining.

经过几十年表土开采，岛上又重新覆盖了郁郁葱葱植被。

Bacteria are key players in the formation of topsoil.

细菌是表层土壤重要组成部分。

When humans started draining the natural topsoil, and ploughing it up for planting, they exposed the buried carbon to oxygen.

当人类耗尽自然表层土并开始为了耕种而犁田时，他们就把土壤中掩藏碳质暴露在了氧气中。

Therefore, loss of topsoil from overgrazing, over-cultivation, or bad livestock management in areas neighbouring deserts will contribute to the continuing expansion of those arid regions.

因此，在邻近沙漠地区，过度放牧、过度耕作或糟糕牲畜管理导致表土流失，将导致这些干旱地区持续扩张。

All that effort emits huge amounts of greenhouse gases, adds poisonous chemicals and concentrated nutrients to the soil, air, and our water sources, and erodes billions of tons of topsoil each year.

这些活动会排放温室气体，将有毒物质和浓缩营养物质排放到土壤、空气和水源中，并且每年侵蚀数十亿吨表层土壤。

As settlers cleared land to create the great farms of the American Midwest, more and more valuable topsoil eroded into the Mississippi.

随着定居者开垦土地，建造美国中西部农场，越来越多宝贵表土被侵蚀成密西西比河。

It's a mixture of desert sand, topsoil and pollutants, which is swept into the atmosphere and blown over other parts of the region.

这种由沙尘，表层土污染物组成混合物，会进入气层横扫其他部分地区。

So, the landfill changed its routine, keeping the topsoil in place until just before the trash is dumped, greatly reducing methane emissions.

那么，这个垃圾填埋场一改常规，垃圾倾倒之前，不进行表土剥离，这种做法减少了甲烷排放。

The authors note widespread erosion of topsoil, forest felling, acidifying oceans, extreme weather, plastic in the seas, overfishing and more.

报告指出问题包括表层土壤侵蚀、森林砍伐、海洋酸化、极端天气、海洋塑料污染、过度捕鱼以更多问题。

However, ploughing is blamed for causing severe damage to topsoil by removing the plants that protect soil from being blown or washed away.

但是，犁田被认为是造成表层土严重受损罪魁祸首，因为它把保护土壤不被吹散或冲走植物清除了。

So, you're seeing at the topsoil, you have the water table, the different layers underneath the ground.

家可以看到表土层，地下水位，还有地下不同分层。

That builds topsoil and prevents flooding.

这会形成表土，防止洪水。

Half of the country is covered by what's called the Canadian Shield — a huge area of exposed rock with only a tiny layer of topsoil where farming is effectively impossible and winter temperatures are severely cold.

加拿一半国土被所谓加拿地盾覆盖——这是一片裸露岩石，只有一小层表土，在那里几乎不可能耕作，冬季气温非常寒冷。

As a result, the land across the Shield today consists mostly of exposed jagged bedrock with at best only a very thin layer of topsoil above it which makes it all largely useless to carry out any large-scale agriculture in.

因此，今天横跨地盾土地主要由裸露嶙峋基岩组成，上面充其只有一层很薄表土，这使得它基本上无法进行任何规模农业生产。

Such striking temperature variation indicates that the Moon's topsoil is a powerful thermal insulator.

如此显着温度变化表明，月球表层土壤具有极强隔热性能。

Then it's important to aerate the topsoil and leave it loosely packed on the surface.

然后重要是给表土充气并使其松散地堆积在表面上。