However, ploughing is blamed for causing severe damage to topsoil by removing the plants that protect the soil from being blown or washed away.

然而，犁是使遭受严重破坏的罪魁祸首。它铲除了免于壤遭风吹或冲刷的植物。

Decades of overgrazing, climate change-induced droughts, and poor farming practices are stripping not only the Sudanian grasslands of their once fertile topsoil but hundreds of other regions like it across the world.

几十年的过度放牧、气候变化引发的干旱和不良的耕作方式，不仅使苏丹草原失去了曾经肥沃的，也使世界上其他数百个类似的地区失去了。

Finally, add a layer of compost and a layer of topsoil in equal amounts.

最后，添加一堆肥和一等量的。

Calm and peaceful for most of the year, the Nile used to flood annually, thereby creating, irrigating and carrying new topsoil to the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood.

在一年中的大部分时间里尼罗河都还算平静，过去尼罗河每年都会泛滥，从而生成、灌溉和搬运新的壤到附近的农田——这片古埃赖以生存的地。

The island is lush with greenery again, regrowing after decades of topsoil mining.

经过几十年的开采，岛上又重新覆盖了郁郁葱葱的植被。

Bacteria are key players in the formation of topsoil.

细菌是壤的重要组成部分。

When humans started draining the natural topsoil, and ploughing it up for planting, they exposed the buried carbon to oxygen.

当人类耗尽自然并开始为了耕种而犁田时，他们就把壤中掩藏的碳质暴露在了氧气中。

Therefore, loss of topsoil from overgrazing, over-cultivation, or bad livestock management in areas neighbouring deserts will contribute to the continuing expansion of those arid regions.

因此，在邻近沙漠的地区，过度放牧、过度耕作或糟糕的牲畜管理导致流失，将导致这些干旱地区的持续扩张。

All that effort emits huge amounts of greenhouse gases, adds poisonous chemicals and concentrated nutrients to the soil, air, and our water sources, and erodes billions of tons of topsoil each year.

这些活动会排放大量的温室气体，将有毒物质和浓缩的营养物质排放到壤、空气和水源中，并且每年侵蚀数十亿吨的壤。

As settlers cleared land to create the great farms of the American Midwest, more and more valuable topsoil eroded into the Mississippi.

随着定居者开垦地，建造美国中西部的大农场，越来越多宝贵的被侵蚀成密西西比河。

It's a mixture of desert sand, topsoil and pollutants, which is swept into the atmosphere and blown over other parts of the region.

这种由沙尘，污染物组成的混合物，会进入大气横扫其他部分地区。

So, the landfill changed its routine, keeping the topsoil in place until just before the trash is dumped, greatly reducing methane emissions.

那么，这个垃圾填埋场一改常规，垃圾倾倒之前，不进行剥离，这种做法大大减少了甲烷的排放。

The authors note widespread erosion of topsoil, forest felling, acidifying oceans, extreme weather, plastic in the seas, overfishing and more.

报告指出的问题包括壤的侵蚀、森林砍伐、海洋酸化、极端天气、海洋的塑料污染、过度捕鱼以更多问题。

However, ploughing is blamed for causing severe damage to topsoil by removing the plants that protect soil from being blown or washed away.

但是，犁田被认为是造成严重受损的罪魁祸首，因为它把保护壤不被吹散或冲走的植物清除了。

So, you're seeing at the topsoil, you have the water table, the different layers underneath the ground.

大家可以看到，地下水位，还有地下不同的分。

That builds topsoil and prevents flooding.

这会形成，防止洪水。

Half of the country is covered by what's called the Canadian Shield — a huge area of exposed rock with only a tiny layer of topsoil where farming is effectively impossible and winter temperatures are severely cold.

加拿大一半的国被所谓的加拿大地盾覆盖——这是一大片裸露的岩石，只有一小，在那里几乎不可能耕作，冬季气温非常寒冷。

As a result, the land across the Shield today consists mostly of exposed jagged bedrock with at best only a very thin layer of topsoil above it which makes it all largely useless to carry out any large-scale agriculture in.

因此，今天横跨地盾的地主要由裸露的嶙峋基岩组成，上面充其量只有一很薄的，这使得它基本上无法进行任何大规模的农业生产。

Such striking temperature variation indicates that the Moon's topsoil is a powerful thermal insulator.

如此显着的温度变化明，月球的壤具有极强的隔热性能。

Then it's important to aerate the topsoil and leave it loosely packed on the surface.

然后重要的是给充气并使其松散地堆积在面上。