In 2018 Dr Chen identified another mechanism, known as lateral transduction.

2018年，陈博士发现了机制，即侧向转导。

And the transduction of sound begins when part of the membrane moves, and the fibers there tickle the neighboring organ of corti.

当膜的部分移动时，声音的转导就开始了，那里的纤维挠着邻近的皮质器官。

This process is called transduction, and each sense works in its own way.

这个过程被称为转导，每感觉都以自己的方式工作。

He estimates that lateral transduction is thousands of times faster than other mechanisms, making it a candidate as the chief driver of microbial drug resistance.

他估计，横向转导比其他机制快千倍，已经成为了微生物耐药性的主要驱动因素。

And so that's kind of a signal transduction pathway.

那就是信号转导途径。

That sheet of cells has done that initial transduction process where light is converted into neural signals that the brain can then begin to work with.

那层细胞完成了初始的转换过程，将光线转化为大脑可以处理的神经信号。

Well, like how specific the helper phages are or the process of generalized transduction.

嗯，比如辅助噬菌体的特异性如何，或者广义转导的过程。

And that's because it's the same signal transduction pathway that allows all plants to recognize mycorrhizal fungi.

这是因为它是同条信号传导途径，使所有植物都能识别菌根真菌。

And so again signal transduction pathways are awesome.

信号转导路径真是太棒了。

Next is the idea of transduction.

接下来是转导的概念。

And that is how communication through signal transduction pathways is conserved through evolution.

这就是信号转导途径的通信如何在进化过程中得以保留的。

And so that's going to disrupt the signal transduction pathway.

因此，这将会干扰信号转导路径。

And that's essentially producing insulin within the body so we can so we can actually set up this signal transduction pathway.

这样实际上是在体内产生胰岛素，从而能够建立这信号转导路径。

Signal transduction pathways are very important in the action of cells but they're sometimes misunderstood.

信号转导途径在细胞活动中至关重要，但有时它们的作用会被误解。

So let's start with signal transduction pathways.

那么，我们从信号转导路径开始起。

Now signal transduction pathways can have disruption.

现在，信号转导路径可能会受到干扰。

Now we're looking inside the cell and we're seeing how this addition of just this one chemical message, this one epinephrine, can set up this signal transduction pathway to create a bunch of glucose.

现在，我们深入细胞内部， 观察到仅仅通过添加这化学信号——肾上腺素，就能启动信号转导途径， 从而产生大量葡萄糖。

That's going to set up a signal transduction pathway.

这将启动个信号转导途径。

Not diabetes but there is a signal transduction pathway inside all of the cells in our body.

不是糖尿病，而是我们体内所有细胞中都存在信号转导路径。

That epinephrine is going to set up a signal transduction pathway in all the cells.

肾上腺素将在所有细胞中启动个信号转导途径。