And this is what is known as a transgenic operation.

这就是所谓的转基因手术。

And we're using that in molecular biology now, in transgenic technology.

我将其用于分子生学和转基因技术。

We should probably clarify what a transgenic mouse is.

我或许应该明确一下什么是转基因小鼠。

We have this one transgenic mouse.

我拥有这一只转基因小鼠。

Later on, you'd have the 2012 transgenic mouse study.

随后，你会有2012年的转基因小鼠研究。

In transgenic technology, also called gene splicing, we take a gene out of one organism and put it in another.

转基因技术中， 也称为基因剪接，我从一个生体中取出一个基因并将其放入一个生体中。

Importantly, ectopic expression of c-Fos in H2-c-fosLTR transgenic mice drives osteoblast and chondrocyte proliferation resulting in osteosarcoma and chondrogenic sarcoma.

重要的是，H2-c-fosLTR转基因小鼠中c-Fos的异位表达驱动了成骨细胞和软骨细胞的增殖，导致了成骨肉瘤和软骨肉瘤的形成。

But there are lots of extraordinary things we can do with GMOs already: We can create transgenic plants, which have genes derived from a different species.

但是我已经可以用转基因生做很多非凡的事情：我可以创造转基因植，这些植有来自种的基因。

In eukaryotes, if the introduced genes are derived from another organism, the resulting transgenic plants or animals can be propagated by normal breeding.

转基因羊已经被生产了出来，可以通过它的奶生产有价值的蛋白。目的基因需要羊的启动子（酪蛋白或乳清蛋白）以确保乳腺中表达。从奶中纯化蛋白要比从培养的细胞中纯化蛋白要容易的多。

Yeah, and the only one that I can find that has demonstrated a survival advantage is one particular transgenic mouse experiment that overexpressed SIRT6.

是的，我能找到的唯一一个显示出生存优势的实验，是某个特定的转基因小鼠实验，该实验中超量表达了SIRT6基因。

If it works, the FHI will ask the government for permission to plant transgenic chestnuts in the wild, with the intention of re-establishing the species in America's woodlands.

如果可行，FHI则会向政府申请自然环境中种植基因改良栗树，以重建美国林地的栗树林。

But I thought it was because he couldn't read the word transgenic, which means genetic material from outside of that animal, added to the animal.

但我认为这是因为他说出“转基因”这个词，这个词指的是将来自该动体外（即其他种）的遗传质添加到该动体内。

So this is one transgenic mouse model that overexpressed SIRT6 and those mice, the male mice lived 10 to 15% longer, the female mice did not.

因此， 这是一个过表达SIRT6的转基因小鼠模型，其中雄性小鼠寿命延长了10%至15%，而雌性小鼠则未见此效果。

And there is at least one transgenic strain of mice that if you get it to overexpress, a different SIRT, SIRT6, but again, these are homologs throughout the species.

至少存一种转基因小鼠品系， 如果你使其过度表达的SIRT，即SIRT6， 但样地，这些基因整个种中都是源的。

Beginning with the lab of Paul Berg in 1972 (aided by EcoRI from Herbert Boyer's lab, building on work with ligase by Arthur Kornberg's lab), molecular biologists put these pieces together to produce the first transgenic organisms.

从1972年Paul Berg的实验室开始（Herbert Boyer实验室的EcoRI的帮助下，Arthur Kornberg的实验室利用连接酶进行工作），分子生学家将这些碎片放一起，生成了第一批转基因生。